Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
stops typically account for 25 % of bus travel time in city centers, 20 % within the
city, and 15 % in the suburbs [
9
].
Desirable minimum stop spacing for local buses are 300
600 ft in the city
-
center, and 600
to 2 miles) are
normally provided for express, limited stop, and bus rapid transit (BRT) lines
750 in other areas. Longer spacing (e.g.,
-
½
Stop spacing for LRT, rapid transit, and commuter lines depends on station
access. Station spacing normally varies from about one half mile in densely
developed area (where most people walk to and from stations) up to two miles
or more in suburban areas where most riders drive to or from stations
The duration of stops should be reduced wherever practical. Duration can be
shortened by [
1
] providing off-vehicle fare collection, using several door
channels for boarding and alighting and simplifying fare collection. The 2013
Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual [
10
] suggests the various ser-
vice times in Table
23.6
, for passengers boarding buses.
Values range from about 2.5 s per passenger for direct entry without payment to
more than 4 s per passenger for complex fare payment. As more door channels are
provided, passengers
'
service times are reduced. Where transit stops are removed
from the travel lanes, delays to vehicle traf
c are reduced.
23.4.3.2 Other Components of Transit Delay
Figure
23.2
breaks down total bus travel time into
five components: (1) time while
the bus is in motion, (2) time while the bus accepts or discharges passengers at bus
stops, (3) time delay at traf
c signals, (4) time delay for right turns, and (5) time
spent in traf
c congestion. It can be seen that as the total travel time rate increases,
congestion increases, and the proportion of time spent in motion decreases.
The effect of area type on delays at bus stops, signals, and congestion, varies
signi
with the CBD causing the greatest amounts of delays and suburban
areas the least. The most critical delay component is found at bus stops. As the
cantly
—
Table 23.6 Suggested bus
passenger service times at bus
stops as a function of fare
payment
A. Boarding
Type of fare payment
Seconds per passenger
Prepayment
2.5
Single ticket or token
3.5
Exact change
4.0
Swipe or dip card
4.2
Smart card
3.5
B. Alighting
Front door
3.3
Rear door
2.1
(
Source
Reference [
10
])
