Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 21.7 US teleworking
trends (2002
-
2010)
Number of teleworkers, 2002
-
2010
Year
Millions of workers
2002
20.7
2003
23.5
2004
24.1
2005
26.1
2006
28.7
2008
33.7
2010
26.2
Source
Reference [
14
]
21.4 Washington State Commuter Trip Reduction (CTR)
Program
The Washington State CTR is a good example of state actions to manage/reduce
commuter traf
c demand and contain congestion. Started in 1993, the program
employs a number of alternative strategies to reduce auto use for commuting. These
include CWW,
flextimes, staggered hours, vanpools/carpools, etc.
A 2005 study of the program
fl
s effectiveness reported that employee participation
in compressed work week schedule among CTR
'
covered employees grew steadily
from 14.5 % in 1993, to 20.0 % in 2005. In 2005 about 2/3 of CTR program
—
s
employees were eligible to choose the compressed work week (CWW). Partici-
pation in 9/80 schedules (working 80 h in 9 days) doubled between 1993 and 2005
to 5.8 %. Participation in 4/40 schedules (working 40 h in 4 days) grew more
slowly and remained at 7.3 % [
15
].
Twenty years of investment in the CTR program have built a foundation of
partnerships between local governments and employers in managing transportation
demand. The partners in the CTR program include:
'
Major employers
implement programs based on locally adopted goals for
reducing vehicle trips and VMT. They include the Boeing Company, the
Microsoft Corporation and the Starbucks Corporation. Employers also may
form TMAs
Local Governments
provide technical assistance and services to help employers
achieve the goals and they may initiate outreach and service programs for
commuters. Local governments must develop a CTR plan that is consistent with
the local comprehensive plan.
Transit agencies
operate bus and vanpool services and coordinate program
implementation with local governments, employers, Transportation Manage-
ment Associations (TMAs), and others.
Six regional transportation planning organizations
provide planning support and
coordination across jurisdictions, ensuring consistency in transportation and
economic plans.
