Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
obligations outside work (e.g., child care schedules), were reported to constrain
participation in the CWW program.
21.3.4 Telecommuting
A review of available literature indicates that the following conditions are condu-
cive to telecommuting [
1
]:
(a) long commute distances and travel times
(b) pay parking at the work place
(c) high income and a college education
(d) professional occupations
Information on the trip reduction effects of telecommuting is limited. Two
examples follow:
21.3.4.1 1992 National Telecommuting Survey
A national telecommuting survey obtained information from 16 organizations
representing almost 5,000 telecommuters. Most organizations were government
agencies and communications companies. The number of telecommuters ranged
from seven to 2,600 with a mean of 110, and a median of 82. Most of telecom-
muters were in professional or managerial positions.
The most common telecommuting schedule was 1 day per week, which
accounted for about 55 % of all telecommuters. About 18 % telecommuted 2 days
per week, 15 % 3 or 4 days per week, and 12 % 5 days per week [
11
].
21.3.4.2 Southern California Association of Governments Survey
of 2002
This home-based survey of 5,000 residents reported that out of 2,766 workers,
24.6 % telecommuted at least 1 day per week; 7 % were home-based business
workers; and 68.4 % commuted [
12
].
21.3.4.3 Teleworking Trends in the United States
Telecommuting participation is likely to increase as advanced communication
technology lowers barriers to its implementation in the workplace. As shown in
Table
21.7
, the number of people who work from home at least
1 day per month,
has been increasing
—
from 20.7 million in 2002 to 26.2 million in 2010, (reaching a
33.7 million in 2008)
—
at an average of close to 7 % per year [
13
].
