Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 21
Indirect Demand Strategies
—
For
Employers, Institutions, and Public
Agencies
21.1 Introduction
Travel demand strategies and actions can reduce vehicle traf
c during peak periods
and thereby help reduce recurring congestion. The strategies focus on reducing the
use of single-occupant automobiles for commuter trips, and in spreading the peak
travel periods through work schedule changes. They are generally applied by large
employers and large institutions such as medical centers and universities.
Speci
c strategies include (1) providing incentives for group riding (or car-
pooling) such as guaranteed rides home, (2) contract transit and
financial incentives,
(3)
“
cash outs
”
of employee parking, and (4) alternative work arrangements such as
fl
flexible or staggered hours and telecommuting.
The strategies and actions are drawn from information contained in TCRP
Report 95 [
1
]. This information is complemented by reported work-schedule
changes in various cities and by demand management strategies established by the
state of Washington
'
s transportation agencies.
21.2 The 82-Program Sample
Chapter
19
of TCRP Report 95 contains detailed information on the effects of
support actions documented for a sample of 85 agencies. The performance metrics
used to measure the effectiveness of the various actions consist of
“
vehicle trip
reductions (VTR)
”
percentages that are associated with speci
c strategies.
