Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 13.7
Pattern of air pollutant concentrations emitted by highway vehicles at various distances
from a busy road.
Source
Reference [
37
], p 3. Fig. 1
Fig. 13.8
Health
findings for people living near roads with heavy traf
c.
Source
Reference [
37
],
p 4. Fig. 2
Some Examples of Pollution Impacts on Large Urban Areas
US Urbanized Areas
Several of the most congested metropolitan areas are also the most polluted. The
CMAQ Special Report 264 [
31
] compared the most congested urban areas in the
year 2000, with concurrent air quality status classi
ed by EPA. The results of this
comparison are shown in Table
13.12
.
Studies reported by the Environmental Defense Fund, 2007 [
22
] also show the
following:
“
c-related air pollution;
studies show increased prevalence of asthma, respiratory symptoms, and stunted
lung development.
Children are especially vulnerable to the effects of traf
”
[
38
43
]
-
“
c emissions was associated with increased risk of
breast cancer among women in Erie and Niagara Counties in New York State
Higher exposure to traf
”
[
44
].
“
A Los Angeles Study found that if researchers more accurately estimate
exposure, based on localized rather than ambient air pollution levels, estimates
of risk of death from heart attacks triple
”
[
45
].
