Graphics Reference
In-Depth Information
In 2013, Mercedes-Benz introduced a stereo front camera system, which in combi-
nation with radar offers pedestrian collision warning by autonomous braking, LKA,
autonomous driving at low speeds in traffic jams, and an active braking assistance
reacting to crossing traffic [
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].
Surround View
The surround view system with multiple cameras, mounted at the center of the
front grill, under the side mirrors and rearview camera in the back, can be used to
check hard-to-view areas by visualizing information about vehicle's surroundings on
navigation display. The camera mounted at the center of the front grill provides the
driver a better view at intersections with unclear visibility and T-shaped junctions.
Rearview
Entry level rearview/backup camera system supports only park assist function. In
addition to park assist, the smart rearview camera supports functions such as rear
collision warning and obstacle/object detection.
Blind Spot
Detection of cars in the blind spot can be carried out by using a camera-based system.
The system is mounted in the lateral mirrors of a car with the goal to visually detect
cars that are located in the blind spot.
In November 2006, Volvo won the safety and technology award from the British
“Autocar Magazine” with the driver assistance system for camera-based blind spot
monitoring in the exterior mirror. It was one of the first driver assistance systems
which automatically recognize moving objects using electronic image processing.
Night Vision
Night vision systems are used to extend the driver's ability to see beyond the vehicle's
headlights at night or in bad weather by using information obtained from near- or
far-infrared sensors.
Toyota introduced Night View based on near-infrared light in 2002 and 2003.
In late 2004, Honda developed an intelligent night vision system, which highlights
pedestrians in front of the vehicle by alerting the driver with an audible chime and
visually displaying them via Heads-Up Display. In 2008, Toyota added a night
view pedestrian detection feature which highlights pedestrians and presents them
to the driver on a display. BMW and Mercedes-Benz introduced to the market their
first night vision systems that detect and highlight pedestrians in 2008 and 2009,
respectively. Volvo introduced a collision mitigation system for pedestrians based on
monocular vision and radar in 2010.
Driver Monitoring
Imaging sensors mounted inside the passenger cabin are used to gather data such as
driver movements, eyeblink pattern, and respiration. This data can be combined with
information from LDW/LKA systemmeasuring the number and level of the steering
corrections the driver uses to keep the car in its lane. By combining this data, the
system can assess driver state and assist with tasks such as steering or maintaining
the following distance and alert the drivers if they are not paying close attention to
the road.
