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In-Depth Information
driver. The same year BMW launched its lane departure warning system on the new
5 series. GM introduced its lane departure warning in 2008 and Mercedes-Benz in
2009.
FCW/Collision Avoidance
Forward collision warning function of the front view camera system can detect and
alert the driver about an imminent accident. Once an imminent collision is detected,
the systems can either alert the driver or take autonomous braking or steering action
(or both), without driver input and even prepare vehicle for the crash by precharging
the brakes, adjusting the seats for added support, or tensioning the seat belts and
rolling windows up and closing the sunroof. The system typically uses combination
of radar and camera and sometime laser to detect imminent collisions.
The first production forward collision warning system was radar-based pre-
collision system (PCS) introduced by Toyota in 2003. In order to improve accuracy
of the system, Toyota added to the radar a single digital camera sensor in 2004. Two
years later, the system was further improved by using a stereo camera pair and a
more sensitive radar to detect pedestrians and animals (the system also supported
lane keep assist function). Volvo introduced its first collision warning with autobrake
in 2007. The system fused information from radar and camera to provide a warning
through a Heads-Up Display that visually resembles brake lamps. Later versions of
this system were capable of automatically applying the brakes to minimize pedes-
trian impacts. In 2008, Subaru introduced their forward collision warning system to
the Japanese market. Unlike radar-based systems, this system used stereo front view
camera. This system also offered adaptive cruise control and lane departure warning
functions. The first Audi forward collision warning (pre sense front plus) released to
the market in 2010 and 2011 combined information from the front radars with data
from a windscreen-mounted front camera to calculate the likelihood of an impact.
Ford's collision warning with brake assist was introduced in 2009. The system was
relying on a mix of sensors including the front view camera.
TSR
Speed limit and end of speed limit signs are detected by traffic sign recognition
function of the front view camera system. Traffic sign function notifies the driver
about speed limit by presenting the information on the cluster display.
AFS
The intelligent AFS function of the front view camera system collects illumination
data from vehicle surroundings to control distribution of the front lights. A camera
detects lights fromoncoming traffic and cars ahead and systemadjusts the distribution
of light from the high beams to mask specific area. This function is also sometimes
called Intelligent Headlight Control (IHC).
PD
The pedestrian detection function of the front camera system assists the driver in
avoiding pedestrian collision accidents. The assistance can span the range from alert-
ing the driver with a warning signal to taking over control of braking in order to avoid
collision with a pedestrian.
