Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
various mechanisms, either as part of the obligation scheme or by implementing
regulatory alternatives aimed at achieving the target. Both these alternatives are
speci
ed with the possibility of replacing the obligation scheme with an alternative
regulatory framework (with taxes, standards, etc.) or with a national fund for energy
ef
ciency to which stakeholders make contributions in order to fund energy ef
-
ciency measures.
5.2.2 Flexibility in Meeting Targets (Maximum 25 %)
exibility
21
as regards how the
As discussed above, article 7 of the EED offers
target is met. However, it provides a closed list of
exibility measures and limits
their application to a maximum of 25 % of the energy savings that would be derived
from the original target of 1.5 %. The following are the main
exibility measures:
Flexibility in target progress: 1 % (2014 and 2015); 1.25 % (2016); 1.5 % (2018,
2019, 2020).
Exclusion of sales to sectors subject to the EU ETS.
Possibility of including in the calculation savings derived from measures
implemented since January 2009 (with effect in 2020).
Inclusion in the calculation of energy savings derived from co-generation, tar-
iffs, smart metres, etc.
22
5.2.3 Degree of Discretion in Designing the Obligation System
In principle, the European regulation offers Member States considerable scope for
manoeuvre as to the supplier obligations framework, listing a number of elements,
many of which are commonly used in countries where this type of frameworks are
in place, but not making their inclusion compulsory.
23
These elements include:
Banking/borrowing of savings (for 3 or 4 years).
Introduction of an obligation for parties subject to the regulatory framework to
carry out measures for households in
“
energy poverty
”
or affected by certain
types of social vulnerability.
Inclusion of the transport sector. The possibility of the energy supplied to the
transport sector also being subject to these targets is left open. One important
example of a framework in which liquid hydrocarbons are subject to savings
obligations is the French system.
21
The application of the terms provided in Sect. 2 shall not lead to a reduction of over 25 % in
the amount of energy savings referred to in Sect. 1
“
”
. Article 3.
22
Allow energy savings achieved in the energy transformation, distribution and transmission
sectors,
“
…
to be counted towards the amount of energy savings required
…”
.
23
See Appendix.
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