Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
measures that are liable to receive certi
cates. Rather, it seems that it is the
easiest measures or the ones for which certi
cates are most likely to be
received that are usually carried out, and that these are not necessarily the
most ef
cient ones. When the obligation period is short, the tendency is likely
to be to choose cheaper, more short-term measures rather than measures that
would require greater initial investment but save more energy in the long
term. Moreover, in some cases (for example, in France and Italy), some
measures receive double support (both tax credits and certi
cates), which also
raises doubts as to the ef
ciency of the system as a whole. In this regard, there
are still unresolved doubts regarding the structural savings that can actually
be achieved by these frameworks, as the data available are not clear or
comparable enough to ascertain the actual volume of savings achieved.
5.2.1 Obligations on Energy Suppliers
Article 7 of the EED imposes on Member States the obligation to develop a system
of energy ef
ciency obligations for energy suppliers, setting an annual savings target
(for the period 2014
2020) equivalent to 1.5 % of the annual energy sales of all their
retail energy distributors or suppliers, in volume, as the average for the three years
before 1 January 2013. Some issues regarding this target are the following:
-
The parties obliged to meet this target may be distributors, suppliers or both.
There is no speci
cation as to what energy sectors are to be subject to this
system. For example, energy consumed in transport might not be included.
From the point of view of additionality, the Directive implies that every Member
State will be obliged to achieve further savings every year equivalent to 1.5 % of
sales in the three years prior to 1 January 2013. For example, if the average sales
were 100 Mtoe, then the savings progress required in the period would be as
follows (Table
4
):
Article 7 in fact means the imposition of an energy savings target for the
Member States, which will be given signi
cant
exibility as to how they meet it via
Table 4 Example featuring
additional annual savings
required under article 7 EED
2014
1.5 Mtoe
2015
3 Mtoe
2016
4.5 Mtoe
2017
6 Mtoe
2018
7.5 Mtoe
2019
9 Mtoe
2020
10.5 Mtoe
Total
42.0 Mtoe
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