Policy Inducement Effects in Energy Efficiency Technologies. An Empirical Analysis of the Residential Sector - Green Energy and Efficiency: An Economic Perspective - page 207

and c targets are separated from

commercial-, industrial- and transportation-oriented policy measures using an ad
hoc semantic methodology based on co-word analysis applied to the main
description of the policy. Table 2 illustrates the six policy types and their related
instruments which constitute public regulations. Each of the six policy types offered
by IEA is considered.
At

“ appliances ” (see Table 1 ). These residential-speci

led. This
similar trend is an important piece of initial empirical evidence and deserves further
investigation. OECD policies adopted to improve EE in residential buildings,
lighting and electrical appliances have multiplied dramatically over the past decade,
and the instruments implemented have become increasingly heterogeneous.
According to the IEA [ 33 ], new policies were put in place to strengthen building
codes for new buildings in Canada, South Korea, Luxembourg, The Netherlands
and the United Kingdom during 2011; building certi

rst glance, the trend in EE policies follows that of the patents

cation has also been imple-
mented in EU Member States. Information on EE in existing buildings is system-
atically collected and reported in Canada, Germany, Japan, South Korea and
New Zealand. Minimum Energy Performance requirements (MEPs) have been
strengthened and extended to cover new appliances in many OECD countries. New
MEPs and labelling for television sets, set-top boxes and digital television adaptors

Table 2 Policy types and instruments
Policy type

Instrument

Economic instruments

Direct investment
Fiscal/ nancial incentives
Market-based instruments

Information and education Advice/aid in implementation

Information provision
Performance label
Professional training and qualication

Policy support Institutional creation

Strategic planning

Regulatory instruments Auditing

Codes and standards
Monitoring
Obligation schemes
Other mandatory requirements

Research, development and deployment
(RD&D)

Demonstration project
research programme

Voluntary approaches Negotiated agreement (public-private

sector)
Public voluntary schemes
Unilateral commitments (private sector)

Source IEA [ 37 ]