Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1 EE residential main target and speci c sub-domains
Main target
sub-domain
Speci c sub-domains
Buildings
Building code
Building type (residential only)
Energy class
Existing buildings
New buildings
Lighting
Residential
Residential appliances
Computer
Cooking & laundry
Home entertainment
Other
Refrigeration
Space cooling
Space heating
Standby
Ventilation
Water heating
Source IEA [ 37 ]
The Institutional System In this empirical framework, we describe the institu-
tional environment in terms of the different public policies implemented at country
level for this speci
c domain (Table 1 ).
Using policy data, we investigate the hypothesis that although many policy
interventions were not initially implemented with the purpose of stimulating new
EE technologies, they have all helped to encourage the complex process of inno-
vation, in particular at the invention stage, through an inducement mechanism that
we call the
policy-induced effect
. Policy data are taken from the IEA
'
s
Energy
Ef
[ 37 ], which provides comprehensive, up-to-date
information on EE policies in seven demand sectors (buildings, commercial/
industrial equipment, energy utilities, industry, lighting, residential appliances and
transport) and on policy measures across these sectors in 23 OECD countries. 4
Public regulations can be considered on the basis of various criteria (e.g. type of
measure, target audience, effective enforcement year, jurisdiction, policy status,
etc.). National and supranational policies
ciency Policy Database
still
in force or ended during the
1990
are included in the analysis. In order to exclusively capture
residential-related EE policies, public regulations are selected according to the three
main residential target audiences offered by the IEA, namely
-
2010 period
buildings
,
lighting
4
http://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/energyef ciency/ .
 
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