HTML and CSS Reference
In-Depth Information
Development and Announcement of Standards
Web standards are
technical specifications of web technologies
released by standardization bodies. Most web standards
are published by the W3C [4]. The
W3C Recommendations
are vital in standards-based web design.
3
W3C publishes
the most web specifications by far, covering markup languages, style sheets, metadata, XML technologies, semantic
markup, mathematical notation, graphical formats, and other technologies. However, there are also other influential
standards organizations on the web standardization scene (Table
1-1
).
Table 1-1.
Influential Organizations in Web Standardization
Organization
Abbreviation Web Site
Major Specifications
and Standards
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
DCMI
Dublin Core Metadata
ECMA International
(formerly ECMA)
ECMA
ECMAScript [5]
International Organization for
Standardization
ISO
4
Web site engineering and
other IT standards [6], user
interface standards, PNG
functional specification
Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority
IANA
Domain names, IP address
coordination, protocol
assignments [7]
Internet Engineering
Task Force
IETF
Internet standard (STD)
documents [8], Request for
Comments (RFC) documents
[9], for example, proper use of
HTTP, MIME, and URI
Unicode Consortium
Unicode
Unicode Standard, Unicode
Technical Reports (UTRs) [10]
Web Hypertext Application
Technology Working Group
WHATWG
HTML5, Microdata, Web
Applications, Web Forms, Web
Workers [11]
World Wide Web Consortium
W3C
Most web recommendations,
as for example, (X)HTML,
CSS, DOM, XForms, SVG, RDF,
GRDDL, OWL
3
The term recommendation indicates the lack of legal status, which is one of the reasons why web standards are not
implemented globally.
4
Since the name of the organization would have different abbreviations in all their three official languages, English, French, and
Russian, the organization adopted ISO as its abbreviated name (from the Greek word isos, meaning equal).
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