Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Aligned
Staggered
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
t = 800 sec
Fig. 8.23
Ice residue for different layouts at t = 800 s after switching on the resistors with an
q = 400 W/m
2
.
V
ice
¼
2
:
1
10
5
m
3
.
input
heat
flux
of
a
Aligned
square
layout
with
m
3
.
V
ice
¼
2
:
48
10
5
b
Staggered
square
layout
with
c
Aligned
circular
layout
with
V
ice
¼
1
:
55
10
8
m
3
. d Staggered circular layout with V
ice
¼
9
:
63
10
8
m
3
Table 8.2 Quantitative performance cost comparison (Percentage reductions for each parameter
relative to aligned square layout is written in the parenthesis)
Heater layouts
V
T[30
m
3
t
di
(sec)
T
max
b
(C)
J
3.48 9 10
-5
Aligned square
1,350
56.31
3
1.73 9 10
-5
(-50.29 %)
Staggered
square
1,116
(-17.33 %)
41.59
(-26.14 %)
1.48
(-50.66 %)
6.02 9 10
-6
(-82.70 %)
Aligned
circular
813
(-39.78 %)
39.70
(-29.50 %)
0.89
(-70.33 %)
2.85 9 10
-6
(-91.81 %)
Staggered
circular
798
(-40.89 %)
34.18
(-39.30 %)
0.72
(-76.00 %)
8.10 Preliminary De-icing Experimental Results
In the first part of this section, we describe the closed-loop experimental results of
active de-icing using an initial distributed PID controller with combined ice and
temperature sensing. We will discuss the total amount of consumed energy relative
to the size of our blade. In Sect.
8.10.2
, we compare experimental results of this
