Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
renourishment in India has taken place to reduce the impacts of erosion caused by the
seaport at Ennore north of Chennai (Sect.
4.2.3
, p. 46) (Ramana Murthy et al.
2008
).
7.7 Central and South America
In Brazil beach renourishment has primarily taken place in response to erosion
and loss of beach area, exacerbated by over-development of the coastal zone.
Examples include Copacabana Beach (Sect.
4.2.3
, p. 46) (Vera Cruz
1972
),
Beach in Santa Catarina (Finkl and Walker
2004
). In these areas, the socio-eco-
nomic importance of the beaches, particularly in tourist areas, is a key driver for
beach renourishment. At Gravata Beach in Santa Catarina, Brazil, emergency
beach renourishment was undertaken to protect infrastructure (Finkl and Walker
2004
). In Cuba the beach at the seaside resort of Varadero was damaged by storms,
7.8 Summary
Beach renourishment methods and evaluation procedures differ greatly from one
country to the next, and there are variations in the level of research and available
documentation. In some countries, such as the Netherlands and Germany, beach
renourishment is used to prevent flooding and erosion and generally forms part
of proactive long-term coastal management, while in others beach renourishment
is used as a remedial measure, undertaken on an ad hoc basis. Common methods
range from direct fill of the upper beach, as in Spain, to whole-profile renour-
ishment, which is a typical method in the United States, to by-passing schemes,
widely used in Australia and United States.
References
Acworth C, Lawson S (2011) The Tweed river entrance sand bypassing project ten years of
managing operations in a highly variable coastal system. In: Proceedings of the 20th NSW
coastal conference, Tweed Heads, pp 1-23
AECOM (2010) Beach sand nourishment scoping study: maintaining Sydney's beach amen-
ity against climate change sea level rise. Prepared for Sydney Coastal Councils Group Inc
[online]
Barsanti M, Calda N, Valloni R (2011) The Italian coasts: a natural laboratory for the quality
evaluation of beach replenishments. J Coast Res 61:1-7
Bird ECF (1990) Artificial beach nourishment on the shores of Port Philip Bay, Australia. J Coast
Res 6:55-68
Bird ECF (1991) Changes on artificial beaches in Port Phillip Bay, Australia. Shore Beach
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