Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 7.2
Intensive recreational use of a renourished beach on the shore of Tokyo Bay, Japan.
© Geostudies
depleted by sand mining during the 2nd World War, and in 1990 it was renour-
ished by pumping sediment from the sea floor (Leatherman
1996
).
Beaches have been renourished on both the west and east coasts of Peninsular
Malaysia, usually in response to erosion problems and intended to restore
the beach and its recreational value. Commonly undertaken by the Malaysian
Government beach renourishment projects are targeted at historically popu-
lar beaches, including Taman Robina in Semerang Perai Utara, Pulau Pinang;
Batu 4 in Port Dickson in Negeri Sembilan; Pantai Sabak in Kelantan; and
Kuala Terengganu to Kuala Ibai in Terengganu. Methods and rates vary with
each renourishment. For example, at Teluk Cempedak in Kuantan on the east
coast of Malaysia a 900 m length of beach fronting hotels was renourished with
176.000 m
3
sand pumped from the sea floor in 2004 (Razak et al.
2013
). In 1996,
beach renourishment in Kelantan used 1.2 million m
3
of sand along a 2.1 km
stretch of beach.
In Singapore beach renourishment has often been linked to the reclamation of
coastal land, with some beaches constructed in front of hard structures, such as sea
walls.
More recently beach renourishment projects have been undertaken in other
parts of Asia, including Sri Lanka and India. A one kilometre stretch of coastline in
Marawila, Sri Lanka has been renourished with sand pumped from the sea floor and
retained by offshore breakwaters. Renourishment was undertaken to combat coastal
erosion but also to create sandy beaches for tourism and fishing industries. Beach
