Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
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Fig. 5.3
Influence of heavy metal stress on leaf anatomy of some selected plant species
3.3.3
Leaf Anatomy
Toxic effects of heavy metals may alter the plant anatomy (Fig.
5.3
). The devas-
tating effects of heavy metals on leaf anatomy are decrease in size of mesophyll
parenchyma, size of vascular bundles, diameter of the xylem vessels, and size of
epidermal cells (Kovačević et al
.
1999
). Decrease in the volumes of intercellular
spaces and size of palisade and sponge mesophyll has been reported in the leaves
of
Brassica oleracea
(Molas
1997
). In another study, Kravkina (
2000
) reported the
formation of large inclusions in the leaves of
Dianthus repens
plants growing under
excess nickel concentration. Leaf size of sea grass (
Halophila ovalis
) showed a
significant reduction when its plants were treated with increased concentrations of
heavy metals (Ambo-Rappe et al
.
2011
).
Mikus et al. (
2008
) reported a spatial accumulation of heavy metals in different
leaf tissues of
Thlaspi praecox.
Metals generally accumulated in epidermal region,
S and Ca in palisade mesophyll, and K and P in vascular bundles. However, the
accumulation of Cl was the maximum in vascular bundles and spongy mesophyll,
