Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
of natural biological isolation of the country, infrastructure capacity, the legal
and political situation, available technical expertise, communication capacity,
and personnel capabilities. h ere are generic similarities between most quaran-
tine systems, but every quarantine system should be developed specifi cally for the
particular circumstances that prevail within a country. In the case of plant quaran-
tine systems, ISPM 20 (FAO 2004b) provides general guidance for the elements
of an import system for plants—these are applicable to most systems and can be
adapted to lower the risk of entry of invasive species. See Fig. 1.1 for a diagram of
assessment and management of risks associated with invasive species
In quarantine systems, actions with regards to particular species can take place
before the border (pre-entry), at the border (entry), or as a reaction to the detection
of an invasive species (emergency actions).
There is a need to identify the organisms or groups of organisms that pose risks
and assess their potential impacts. This will enable appropriate guidance and con-
tingency resources for detecting or controlling them should they enter or escape.
When undertaking a risk analysis or assessment, issues that are useful to consider
include those mentioned in Section 1.1, in particular the pathway/s via which an
organism is most likely to arrive. Control of pathways of entry of invasive organ-
isms provides the best opportunity to prevent the entry.
Risk mitigation measures prior to entry include: pre-export inspection; pre-
export treatments; fi eld treatments; selection of material from areas free of the
invasive species or areas where there is low populations of the invasive species of
concern; or treatment of goods that may provide a pathway for the target invasive
species at discharge at the airport/port of entry.
Identify
regulations
needed to
enable and
support actions
Identify possible risk
mitigation actions
Surveillance measures
applied before entry, at
entry, after entry
Risk assess
Identify vulnerable areas
including those from
non-natural entry:
Inspection points
(all entry points—
road, air, sea)
Deploy resources
to high priority
areas
Fig. 1.1
Assessment and management of risks.
