Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Exclude outsiders.
best approach to the problem
except for protecting endangered
species.
Restrict hunting
Hunters
Decrease offtake of
Should have direct effect on
Needs monitoring and
Whitman
et al
.
effort in other way
vulnerable
wildlife population sizes. Can
enforcement, may not be
(2004)
(e.g. closed seasons,
individuals.
distinguish between resilient
enough in itself.
size limits, protected
and vulnerable prey.
species)
Offtake quotas
Hunters
Decrease offtake
Direct link to biological
Needs high level of management.
Thorbjarnarson
overall.
sustainability. Can distinguish
and Velasco
between species.
(1999)
Ownership allocation
Hunters
Change property
Long-term solution.
Over-exploitation can still occur.
van der Wal and
(to individuals or
rights.
May be difficult to legislate and
Djoh (2001)
communities)
conflict with existing rights.
Patrolling protected
Hunters
Increase hunter
Clear statement. Can protect
May be resented by local
Jachmann and
areas (arrests, snare
costs.
populations directly.
community. Must be continued
Billiouw (1997)
removal)
regularly and indefinitely.
Increase bushmeat
Hunters
Increase potential
Improves livelihoods. Direct
May distort ecosystem dynamics
Feer (1991), Solis
production (ranching,
offtake rates.
link can remain between
for other species. May just
Rivera and
domestication, food
production and forest
increase profitability of hunting,
Edwards (1998)
supplements)
conservation. Can promote
so increasing hunter numbers.
community-level conservation.
Domestication unlikely to work.
Designate no-take and
Hunters
Effects on costs
Buffers against uncertainty
Still needs enforcement.
Beger
et al
. (2004),
extraction areas to
and offtake unclear.
and error. Clear designation
Resentment likely if imposed.
Hilborn
et al
.
improve hunting
Protects population.
of zones aids enforcement.
Yield improvements not
(2004)
sustainability at
guaranteed.
landscape level
