Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Conservation
target
Don't address
use
Prohibit use;
Section 6.3.1.1
Regulate use;
Section 6.3.1.2
Set and enforce rules;
Section 6.3.1
Use
profitable
Use
unprofitable
Income from
other activities
Further
incentives
required
Provide
alternatives;
Section 6.3.3
Payments for
conservation services;
Section 6.3.4
Promote
non-use value;
Section 6.3.2
Target achieved
Fig. 6.3
Alternative approaches to managing the interactions between a
conservation target and a community of resource users.
sustainable, then it can stand alone as a conservation solution. However, this is
rare. If, as is more common, sustainable use is not possible, or not financially
viable, then other strategies need to be employed. These are the same strategies as
those available to address over-exploitation indirectly. We consider three of the
main ones; enhancing cultural value and goodwill so that people are prepared to
make sacrifices to conserve the conservation target; providing alternative liveli-
hood opportunities that are not directly linked to the resource itself; and providing
direct payments for conservation services.
In practice, this is not an either-or situation; several approaches are likely to be
pursued in concert. The ones we consider here are also not the only kinds of
management intervention, but they make interesting contrasts because their
underlying philosophies are quite different. We focus on management interven-
tions targeting people living locally with wildlife, rather than those aimed at people
higher up the commodity chain (traders, end users) because local people interact
most directly with their environment. Hence they will always need to be part of
sustainable conservation, even if others are also targeted for intervention.
However, many of the principles outlined here are also applicable to other
targets—for example, finding alternative livelihoods could just as well apply to
traders as to hunters.
