Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
1611
Diego Quispe Tito, one of the most renowned painters of the so-called 'Cuzco School'
movement of religious painting is born in the southern highlands.
1613
Guamán Poma de Ayala pens a 1200-page missive to the Spanish king detailing poor
treatment of natives; it lies forgotten until 1908, when it's discovered in a Danish
archive.
1671
Santa Rosa de Lima, the patron saint of Peru and the Americas, is canonized by Pope
Clement X.
1717
The Spanish crown establishes the Viceroyalty of New Granada, covering modern-day
Ecuador, Colombia and Panama - reducing the Peruvian viceroyalty's power and
reach.
1781
Inca noble Túpac Amaru II (born José Gabriel Condorcanqui) is brutally executed by
the Spanish in Cuzco after leading an unsuccessful indigenous rebellion.
1810
Painter Pancho Fierro, a watercolorist known for recording daily life, is born in Lima;
his paintings helped define a uniquely Peruvian identity.
1821
José de San Martín declares Peru independent, but true sovereignty doesn't come until
Simón Bolivar's forces vanquish the Spanish in battles at Junín and Ayacucho three
years later.
1826
The last of the Spanish military forces depart from Callao, after which the country des-
cends into a period of anarchy.
