Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
1845
Ramón Castilla begins the first of four nonconsecutive presidential terms, bringing
some degree of stability to Peru.
1872
Scholar Ricardo Palma publishes the first of a series of books - known as the
Tradi-
ciones Peruanas
- that chronicle a distinctly
criollo
(creole) folklore.
1879-83
Chile wages war against Peru and Bolivia over nitrate-rich lands in the Atacama
Desert; Peru loses the conflict - in addition to its southernmost region of Tarapacá.
1892
Poet César Vallejo is born in the highlands; he lives for only 46 years, but his spare
phrasing and socially-conscious themes make him one of the continent's transformat-
ive literary figures.
1895
Nicolás de Piérola is elected president, beginning a period of relative stability buoyed
by a booming world economy.
1911
US historian Hiram Bingham arrives at the ruins of Machu Picchu; his 'discovery' of
the ancient city is chronicled in
National Geographic
.
1924
Northern political leader Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre founds APRA, a populist, anti-
imperialist political party that is immediately declared illegal.
1928
Journalist and thinker José Carlos Mariátegui publishes the
Seven Interpretive Essays
on Peruvian Reality,
which heavily critiques the feudal nature of his country's society.
1932
