Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
parsimony analysis, component compatibility, and paralogy-free subtree ana-
lysis.
permanentism
idea that postulates the permanent position of the continents and
holds that long-distance dispersal is the fundamental process that caused dis-
tributional patterns.
phylogenetic analysis for comparing trees (PACT)
cladisticbiogeographicmeth-
od that compares Venn diagrams, obtained from taxon-area cladograms,
looking for common elements.
phylogenetic biogeography
approach developed by Willi Hennig (1913-1976),
combining the phylogeny of a monophyletic group with the distribution of its
species to trace the progression in space. Another author is Lars Brundin
(1907-1993).
phylogenetic orientation
use of cladistic information to orient the individual track
of a supraspecific taxon.
phylogeography
analysis of the geographic distribution of intraspecific genealo-
gical lineages.
plate tectonics
mechanism that explains continental drift. Seafloor spreading is
believed to be caused by great convection currents that bring material to the
surface from the hot interior of the earth, inducing the movement of the tec-
tonic plates. These constitute the moving units at the surface of the earth and
may contain continental masses or may consist of ocean floor.
prescientific biogeography
presence of biogeographic concepts in Saint
Augustine (350-430), Abu al-Rayhan Mohamed ben Ahmad al-Biruni
(973-1050), Avicenna (980-1037), Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274),
Joseph d'Acosta (1540-1600), Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), and Mat-
thew Hale (1609-1676).
primary biogeographic homology
conjecture on a common biogeographic his-
tory, which means that different taxa, even those with completely different
means of dispersal, are spatiotemporally integrated in a biotic component.
process
cause of the geographic distribution of a taxon.
province
biogeographic category intermediate between dominion and district.
pseudo-congruence
appearance of the same area relationships in different area
cladograms, although the taxa diversified at different times, presumably from
different underlying causes.
pseudo-incongruence
appearance of conflict in different area cladograms when
the taxa evolved at the same time but diversified in response to different
events.
realm
highest biogeographic category. The biota of the world is classified into three
realms: Holarctic, Holotropical, and Austral.
redundant distribution
distribution that occurs when an area appears more than
once in a taxon-area cladogram because two or more terminal species are
distributed in it.
