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and automatic routines to extract,
filter, possibly elaborate, and release subsets of
data are needed, and a standard data interface and relevant communication layer are
thus required.
Virtual observatory (VO) standards for data storage and publication have been
developed in different application contexts, e.g., the Open Archival Information
System (OAIS) (OAIS 2012) for standardization of data models and the Interna-
tional Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA) (IVOA 2014) standards to serve the
A&A community for images; spectra; general catalogs; and more generally, data
publications in the visible, near infrared, and ultraviolets bandwidths. For other
bandwidths, such as high-energy and radio observations, VO standards are cur-
rently under de
nition. For different types of observations, and in particular
regarding planetary science and sun observations, suitable standards are currently
under study, e.g., the International Planetary Data Alliance (IPDA) (IPDA 2014),
EuroPlanet (EUROPLANET 2014) and the Solar Virtual Observatory (SVO)
(SOLARNET 2014).
Assuming community-wide adoption, de
ning and complying with standards
means not only to allow provision for data exchange (thus maximizing the possi-
bility of information extraction) but to also provide suitable mechanisms for
managing data fully. Data mining is, at the time of writing, strongly used and
encouraged by the European Framework Program for Research and Innovation
HORIZON 2020 to extract unresolved information from captured data. To extend
this, a number of functionalities are useful for data publication in the STARnet
gateways; some examples are described as follows:
Relate data with all relevant
information so as to follow the appropriate
standard;
Insert such information into the data descriptors;
Store data sets in a reachable positions (e.g., archives);
Publish data sets via VO-compliant web services and
finally
Register VO-compliant web services into well-known repositories.
A number of tools are already developed in the context of VO addressing these
functionalities, see (VOTOOLS 2014) for a reference presenting complex VO
clients and resources. An important aspect for data publication is interoperability in
order to allow several A&A communities to share information and scienti
c results
in collaborative operational scenarios. Therefore, the STARnet gateways aim at
complying with interoperable and standardized procedures, employing the afore-
mentioned standards for handling large datasets.
18.6 Gateway Federation Management and Maintenance
A certain degree of governance is required to ensure that overall management,
development, and maintenance of the STARnet Federation is carried out in a
structured and transparent way. This section provides an overview of rules and
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