Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
disease, for example: some defects in lung, heart, liver, kidney e.a. h e prog-
ress in the serological methods are closely linked to the development of the
enzymatic and immune biosenors that allow fuli lling an analysis in such
mode as it requires practice, namely, sensitive, specii c, fast and cheap. An
important advantage both mentioned types of biosensors are that analysis
can be done in real time and in the i eld conditions, at the patient bad or at
home directly. Today a lot of types of biosensors are developed by the real-
ization of a dif erent physical and chemical principles for the registration of
the specii c generated signals. h ere a great signii cance plays the choosing
ef ective ways of the modii cation of biosensor surface, optimization of the
conditions for immobilization of biological material and choosing the most
available protocol of analysis. At the achievement of the better parameters
for the above mentioned positions we can obtain the sensitivity analysis
which exceeds that which may be provided by the traditionally used meth-
ods. Moreover biosensors may give the advantages, as a rule, before the tra-
ditional methods in time which should spend for the analysis. h e duration
of analysis using biosensors is in frame of 40 min, including time for the
immobilization of the sensitive elements on the transducer surface, block-
ing free binding sites and rinsing the measuring cell. h e some modii cation
of protocol of the analysis fuli llment can give possibility to short this time
up to 5-10 min. Device based on the biosensor principle can be as portable.
In generally it was demonstrated that the practical realization of the bio-
sensoric principles (using the optical and electrochemical transducers at
the creation of the instrumental analytical devices) may provide simple,
cheapness, express, selective and sensitive analysis. h e possibility to apply
artii cial substances, in particular, using calyx[4]arenas, some template
structures as selective sites and the development of multi-parametrical and
multi-functional biosensors are considered as further perspective of the
creation of the instrumental analytical devices. h e very important role
belongs to the use of nano-structured materials, nano-particles and nano-
tubes in form of transducers of new generation.
References
1.
N.F. Starodub, P.Ya. Arenkov, A.E. Rachkov and, V.A. Berezin,
Sensors and
Actuators B
, Vol. 7, pp. 371-375, 1992.
2.
E. Engvall and P. Perlmann
, Immunochemistry
, Vol. 8, pp.871-874, 1971.
3.
M.J. Martin, V.A.B.D. Wickramasinghe, T.P. Newson and J.A. Crowe, Fibre-
optics and optical sensors in medicine,
Med. Biol.Eng.Comp,
Vol. 25, pp.
597-604, 1987.
