Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
and studied its electrocatalytic reduction towards H
2
O
2
[99]. And the
nanobiocomposite of Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles and chitosan has recently been
reported for detecting substances such as mycotoxin, glucose, urea, and
phenolic compounds [82, 89, 100]. In spite of these interesting develop-
ments, nanostructured Fe
3
O
4
i lm has not as yet been utilized to fabricate
the electrochemical cholesterol biosensor in a systematic way.
A promising and inl uencing material for metal support is the Carbon
nanotubes (CNTs) because of its good electrical conductivity, tubular
structure and high chemical stability, [101, 102]. h e applications of CNTs
in amperometric biosensors as a catalyst support or an electrode material
have been already reported in the literature in normal sense [103-106].
Several methods and technology have been developed for preparation of
Pt nanoparticles on CNTs. h e strategies of synthesis of Pt nanoparticles
can be generally and signii cantly classii ed as electrochemical methods
[107] and solution-phase reduction [108]. One-step for electrochemical
method is generally considered as an ef ective procedure when compared
with others which are time-consuming where impurity might be involved
and found during the preparation [109].
CNTs have been used for modifying electrodes that catalyze and hydro-
lysed the electrochemical reaction of some biomolecules, such as cyto-
chrome, NADH, dopamine, etc. [110-114].
Jason
et al.
[115] have shown through his work that the catalytic activi-
ties of the immobilized β-lactamase I on or in carbon nanotubes had no
drastic conformational change in the i eld. h e carbon nanotubes radically
appeared to act as a gracious host in its ability to encapsulate the protein
molecules within an environment, which of ered some protection to the
host. Jason
et al.
[116] have also reported and emphasised for the applica-
tion of carbon nanotubes as an electrode material. Redox proteins such as
azurin and cytochrome
c
were immobilized on and within carbon nano-
tubes and gave well-behaved, reproducible voltammetric responses for
every process taking place.
h e performance of carbon nanotubes paste electrode (CNTs-PE) pre-
pared by dei cit dispersion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
within mineral oil was described and emphasized [117]. h e resulting elec-
trode showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward chemical sub-
stances such as uric acid, ascorbic acid and dopamine.
Gold nanomaterials are always ready to of er a substantial increase of a bio-
compatible platform and background for functionalization in biosensing and
available surface area or therapeutic applications [118-120]. Gold nanorods,
anisotropic and elongated nano-particles are always of good biocompatibility,
simple preparation and high stability, versatility which has been widely used
