Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
ECM. The implant temporarily supports initial
cell attachment and subsequent proliferation
and differentiation. Resident cells surrounding
the scaffold, or cells preseeded in the scaffold,
will proliferate and differentiate on the founda-
tion of a compatible scaffold. In some cases,
a scaffold and bonelike cells are not enough,
and supplementation with growth factors is
required.
In this chapter, we have focused on the metal
titanium fi ber mesh used as a scaffold material
for bone reconstruction either by loading it
with cells or by loading it with growth factors.
The results of the various studies clearly dem-
onstrated the excellent characteristics of tita-
nium fi ber mesh: biocompatibility, strength,
low stiffness, high porosity, and high coeffi cient
of friction. Further, cell-loaded meshes initi-
ated bone formation at orthotopic and ectopic
sites, and these cell-loaded meshes were shown
to be further optimized by dynamic seeding,
culturing, and addition of an ECM coating. The
growth-factor-loaded meshes showed increased
bone formation in comparison with unloaded
meshes when implanted either subcutaneously
or in a cranial defect. In summary, titanium
fi ber mesh is a useful scaffold material that
warrants further investigation as a clinical tool
for bone reconstructive surgery.
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