Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
taBle 17.10 (continued)
Fuel Properties of normal and low-Pour-Point Palm Biodiesel
normal
Palm
Biodiesel
low Pour
Point Palm
Biodiesel
en
14214:2003
astm
d6751:07b
ms
2008:2008
Property
unit
Phosphorus
content
mg/kg
10.0 (max)
10.0 (max)
10.0 (max)
<1
<1
Group I metals
(Na + K)
mg/kg
3.1
3.1
5.0 (max)
5.0 (max)
5.0 (max)
Group II metals
(Ca + Mg)
mg/kg
5.0 (max)
5.0 (max)
5.0 (max)
<1
<1
Distillation
temperature, 90%
recovered (T90)
°C
<360
<360
-
360 (max)
-
EN14214:
2003—European Biodiesel Standard on Automotive Fuels. Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) for Diesel
Engines. Requirements and Test Methods.
ASTM D6751:
07b—American Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
MS 2008:
2008—Malaysian Biodiesel Standard on Automotive Fuels—Palm Methyl Esters (PME) for Diesel Engines—
Requirements and Test Methods.
taBle 17.11
cetane numbers of cPo methyl esters, Petroleum diesel,
and their Blends
Blends
cetane number
astm d613
cPo methyl esters (%)
Petroleum diesel (%)
100
0
62.4
0
100
37.7
5
95
39.2
10
90
40.3
15
85
42.3
20
80
44.3
30
70
47.4
40
60
50.0
50
50
52.0
70
30
57.1
2002a)
has overcome the pour point problem of palm biodiesel and thus turned it into a more versatile
product. With the improved pour point, palm biodiesel can be utilized in temperate countries. In
addition to having good low-temperature low characteristics, the palm biodiesel with the low pour
point also exhibits fuel properties comparable to petroleum diesel (Table 17.10).
The storage properties of the CPO methyl esters are very good. After 6 months in a 50-m
3
storage tank, there was little deterioration in the fuel quality parameters except for the color which
had changed from red to light yellow. This was due to the breakdown of the high-value colored
carotene compounds, which could be recovered.
The uncertainty in feedstock price has prompted the biodiesel producers to search for other
cheaper raw materials. These include RBD palm stearin and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD).
