Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
•
ÖNORM C 1114 (Austria):
Automotive fuels—Petrol superethanol E85—Requirements
and test methods
•
CSN 656511 (Czech Republic):
Fermentation denatured ethanol determined for application
in automotive petrol—Requirements and test methods
•
SS 155437 (Sweden):
Motor fuels—Fuel alcohols for high-speed diesel engines
•
SS 155480 (Sweden):
Automotive fuels—Ethanol E85—Requirement and test methods.
9.4.2.1.4 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), established in 1989, aims to “further enhance economic
growth and prosperity for the region and to strengthen the Asia-Pacific community.” APEC has 21
members including Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, People's Republic of China, Hong
Kong China, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New
Guinea, Peru, the Republic of the Philippines, the Russian Federation, Singapore, Chinese Taipei,
Thailand, United States, and Vietnam (http://www.apec.org/apec/about_apec.html; Novianto 2008).
APEC has 11 working groups, one of them working on the energy sector. One of the projects
of this working group is the establishment of the Guidelines for the Development of Biodiesel
Standards in the APEC Region (APEC 2009). This project aims to establish the guidelines for
development of biodiesel standards in the APEC region for enhancing the trade of biodiesel among
APEC member economies (http://goo.gl/lGiMf).
9.4.2.1.5 Worldwide Fuel Charter
The Worldwide Fuel Charter (WWFC) was created in 1998 to represent automobile and engine
manufacturers worldwide. WWFC aims to “promote greater understanding of the impact of fuel
quality on engine and vehicle emissions and performance and to promote harmonization of fuel
quality worldwide in accordance with engine and vehicle needs in different markets.”
In March 2009, the WWFC presented the first edition of two guidelines, one for biodiesel
(WWFC 2009a) (Table 9.A3) and another one for bioethanol (WWFC 2009b) (Table 9.A3) quality.
Both of them are focused on the quality of the biofuel blended with fossil fuels to produce a 5 or
10% v/v biodiesel or bioethanol blend, respectively. The finished product should meet the WWFC
specifications for diesel and gasoline, respectively. It should be noted that the last edition of WWFC
on fuels (4th edition, released in 2006) establishes four different categories of specifications to
reflect market conditions and engine and vehicle requirements (WWFC 2006).
9.4.2.2 national
Worldwide there are several national standardization organizations charged with the definition of
specifications that biofuels are required to meet when they are used in the local market. Brazil,
Canada, India, Japan, South Africa, and Thailand are some of the countries that have at least one of
these standardization organizations.
9.4.2.2.1 Brazil
The Brazilian Association for Technical Standards (known as ABNT*) was founded in 1940
and consists of the national standardization body of Brazil, responsible for the identification
of the technical national standards (http://goo.gl/STWp6). ABNT has a close collaboration
with the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization, and Industrial Quality (known as
INMETRO
†
). INMETRO was founded in 1973 to support Brazilian enterprises and to increase
their productivity and the quality of goods and services (http://www.inmetro.gov.br/english/
institucional/index.asp).
*
Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas.
†
Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial.
