Notes - The Scramble for the Amazon and the Lost Paradise of Euclides da Cunha - page 409

82. Eyal, Young America Movement ; Fredrickson, Black Image in the White Mind .
83. See Eyal, Young America Movement .
84. These kinds of arrangements were quite common for state colonization in Brazil and in inden-
tured labor more generally.
85. Webb, On the Necessity of Supplying Brazil , cited in Horne, Deepest South .
86. Guilhon, Confederados em Santarém . Also see comments in Smith, Brazil, the Amazons and the
Coast .
87. See Markham's preface to Church's posthumously published Aborigines of South America .
88. See for example Church, Interoceanic Communication on the Western Continent ; Church, Route
to Bolivia .
89. Church, Desiderata in Exploration .
90. This number uses the 2009 GDP value of the 1870 pound relative to that of 2009.
91. Cited in Craig, Recollections of an Ill-Fated Expedition .
92. Church's own reports here are of great interest. The most entertaining description of the behavior
of Bolivia in international markets is supplied by the first chapters of Neville Craig's memoir Recollec-
tions of an Ill-Fated Expedition .
93. Ibid.
94. Stols, “Belges au Mato Grosso et en Amazonie,” in Dumoulin and Stols, Belgique et l'Étranger .
95. Tambs reported this, but Piper does not appear in the more thorough and probably more accurate
list of Purús explorers elaborated by da Cunha.
96. In terms of the navigation rights on the Madeira, it appears that both Piper and Church had been
given the same “monopoly.” Selling overlapping rights seemed to be a habit, as we will see in the next
chapter.
97. Colonization and Commercial Company of Bolivia and Church, Bolivian Colonization .
Chapter 9
1. Or, as Bolivians called it, Puerto Alonso.
2. Tocantins, Formação histórica do Acre .
3. Balf, Darkest Jungle ; Ovidio Diaz, J. P. Morgan, Teddy Roosevelt and the Panama Canal ;
Espino, How Wall Street Created a Nation ; Freehoff, America and the Canal ; Lindsay-Poland, Emper-
ors in the Jungle ; Collin, Theodore Roosevelt's Caribbean .
4. Provincia do Pará , March 17, 1899.
5. The full text of the accord is in vol. 1 of Tocantins, Formação histórica do Acre .
6. Tocantins, Formação histórica do Acre .
7. Ibid.; Santos-Granero and Barclay, Tamed Frontiers .
8. Barbosa, Imprensa , June 10, 1899.
9. Provincia do Pará , June 5, 1899.
10. Cited in Tocantins, Formação histórica do Acre.
11. Hay generally held the view that South American diplomats were, as he so colorfully put it,
“Dago ambassadors from powerless, insignificant countries.” See Espino, How Wall Street Created a
Nation .
12. Hecht and Cockburn , Fate of the Forest . A novelized version of the events is described by
Amazonian writer Marcio Souza, Emperor of the Amazon .
13. Fifer, “Bolivia's Boundary with Brazil”; Fifer, “Empire Builders”; Pacheco, Integración económ-
ica y fragmentación social .