Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
correlation coefficients to describe the relationship between the toxicity of 17
unspecified cations and 2-day
Daphnia magna
EC
50
values based on immobiliza-
tion. Their correlation coefficients were converted to coefficients of determination
and the statistics for their linear regression analysis were r
2
= 0.682 and p < 0.001.
Their test system is provided in
Table 5.15
.
Segner et al. (1994) did not report any QSARs for the Pearson and Mawby softness
parameter (σ
p
). However, they did provide a correlation coefficient to describe the rela-
tionship between the toxicity of 6 divalent cations and reduction in uptake of neutral
red dye (NR
50
) for fish culture cells. Their correlation coefficients were converted to
a coefficient of determination, r
2
= 0.86. Their fish cultures were a fibroblast-like cell
line (R1 cells) from rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
) liver tissue. Their 6 cations
are listed in Table 5.15.
Magwood and George (1996) described the relationship between the toxicity of 7
cations and a 50% reduction in uptake of neutral red dye by fish cell cultures. A QSAR
was extrapolated from Figure 2B of Magwood and George (1996) (
Table 5.1
). Their
fish cultures were TF (turbot, a flatfish) cells. The 7 cations used to develop the
Magwood and George (1996) QSAR are listed in Table 5.15.
McCloskey et al. (1996) developed a QSAR for the Pearson and Mawby soft-
ness parameter (σ
p
) to predict a decrease in bioluminescence of
Vibrio fischeri
for
20 cations (
Table 5.9
). The test system and cations used to develop the McCloskey
et al.
(1996) QSAR are listed in Table 5.15.
Newman and McCloskey (1996) also developed a QSAR for the Pearson and
Mawby softness parameter (σ
p
) to predict a decrease in bioluminescence of
Vibrio
fischeri
for 9 cations (Table 5.9). The test system and cations used to develop the
Newman and McCloskey (1996) QSAR are listed in Table 5.15.
Tatara et al. (1997) developed a QSAR for the Pearson and Mawby softness
parameter (σ
p
) to predict 24-hour LC
50
values for the soil nematode
Caenorhabditis
elegans
for 9 cations (
Table 5.10
)
. The test system and cations used to develop the
Tatara et al.
(1997) QSAR are listed in Table 5.15.
Tatara et al. (1998) developed 2 QSARs for the Pearson and Mawby softness
parameter (σ
p
) to predict 24-hour LC
50
values for the soil nematode
Caenorhabditis
elegans
for 17 cations (Table 5.10). Incorporating the logarithm of the first hydrolysis
constant into the QSAR with the Pearson and Mawby softness parameter increased
r
2
and decreased AIC (Table 5.10). The test system and cations used to develop
the Tatara et al.
(1998) QSAR are listed in Table 5.15. The studies of McCloskey
et al. (1996), Newman and McCloskey (1996), Tatara et al. (1997), and Tatara
et al. (1998) were all conducted in Newman's laboratory and discussed with other
relevant information in Newman et al. (1998).
Enache et al.
(1999) developed a QSAR for the Pearson and Mawby softness
parameter (σ
p
) to predict EC
50
values in sunflower for 10 cations (Table 5.1). The test sys-
tem and cations used to develop the Enache et al.
(1999) QSAR are listed in Table 5.15.
Van Kolck et al. (2008) developed 4 QSARs to predict 96-hour LC
50
values of 5
cations to the mussel,
Mytilis edulis
and 4 QSARs to predict the 96-hour LC
50
val-
ues of 6 cations to the mussel
Perna viridis
(
Table 5.17
). The Pearson and Mawby
softness parameter (σ
p
) was used to develop 2 of these 8 QSARs, but neither QSAR
