Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 5.15 (
Continued
)
Studies Using the Pearson and Mawby (1967) Softness Parameter (
σ
p
) to
Predict Metal Ion Toxicity
Reference
Test Systems
Metal Ions
McCloskey
et al. (1996)
Relative decrease in
bioluminescence of
Vibrio
fischeri
(unspeciated total metal
ion 15-min EC
50
values)
20 metal ions: Nitrate salts of Ag
+
, Ba
2+
, Ca
2+
,
Cd
2+
, Co
2+
, Cr
3+
, Cs
+
, Cu
2+
, Fe
3+
, Hg
2+
, K
+
,
La
3+
, Li
+
, Mg
2+
, Mn
2+
, Na
+
, Ni
2+
, Pb
2+
, Sr
2+
,
Zn
2+
Newman and
McCloskey
(1996)
Relative decrease in
bioluminescence of
Vibrio
fischeri
(unspeciated total metal
ion 15-min EC
50
values)
9 metal ions: Chloride salts of Ca
2+
, Cd
2+
,
Cu
2+
, Hg
2+
, Mg
2+
, Mn
2+
, Ni
2+
, Pb
2+
, Zn
2+
Tatara et al.
(1997)
24h LC
50
values (expressed as free
ion) for the soil nematode,
Caenorhabditis elegans
9 metal ions: Chloride salts of Ca
2+
, Cd
2+
,
Cu
2+
, Hg
2+
, Mg
2+
, Mn
2+
, Ni
2+
, Pb
2+
, Zn
2+
Tatara et al.
(1998)
24h LC
50
values (expressed as free
ion) for the soil nematode,
Caenorhabditis elegans
17 metal ions: Nitrate salts of Ca
2+
, Cd
2+
,
Co
2+
, Cr
3+
, Cs
+
, Cu
2+
, Fe
3+
, K
+
, La
3+
, Li
+
,
Mg
2+
, Mn
2+
, Na
+
, Ni
2+
, Pb
2+
, Sr
2+
, Zn
2+
.
Enache et al.
(1999)
EC
50
values in sunflower
(
Helianthus annuus
Sunspot)
(determination of the
concentration giving 50%
inhibition of radicle growth one
day after emergence)
10 divalent metal ions: Nitrate salts of Ba
2+
,
Ca
2+
, Cd
2+
, Co
2+
, Cu
2+
, Mg
2+
, Mn
2+
, Ni
2+
,
Pb
2+
, Zn
2+
van Kolck et al.
(2008)
96 hr LC
50
values for the mussels,
Mytilis edulis
and
Perna viridis
Ag
+
, Cd
2+
, Cu
2+
, Hg
2+
, Zn
2+
for
Mytilis edulis
Cd
2+
, Cr
3+
, Cu
2+
, Hg
2+
, Pb
2+
, Zn
2+
for
Perna
viridis
Workentine
et al. (2008)
Pseudomonas fluorescens
ATCC
13525 was grown in a Calgary
Biofilm Device and exposed to
different metal ions
44 metal ions (anions and cations)
Khangarot and
Das (2009)
48-hour tests with ostracod
Cypris
subglobosa
Sowerby 1840 to
measure EC
50
values based on
immobilization
19 metal ions; not specified which ones
Mendes et al.
(2010)
Relative decrease in
bioluminescence of
fungus
Gerronema viridilucens
Ag
1+
, Ba
2+
, Ca
2+
, Cd
2+
, Co
2+
, Cs
1+
, Cu
2+
, Fe
2+
,
Hg
2+
, K
1+
, Li
1+
, Mg
2+
, Mn
2+
, Na
1+
, Ni
2+
, Pb
2+
,
Sr
2+
, Zn
2+
Williams et al. (1982) used intraperitoneal-dosed mouse LD
50
data and dietary
exposures to the fruit fly,
Drosophila melanogaster
, to develop QSARs for the
Pearson and Mawby softness parameter (σ
p
) to predict the 14-day LD
50
value for
calculated the standard deviation for both QSARs, not the standard error of the esti-
mate (SE) used by Jones and Vaughn (1978). Neither QSAR had very high r
2
values
