Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
than US$2 per locally based person (assuming around 100 000 people
on the mountain) per annum over eight years. Although this is not a
major i nancial inducement, it is a more tangible sum than most received
from the project activities. However, we predict that the direct payments
model would be dii cult to implement in poor rural communities. The
mechanism of delivering funds would need to be carefully worked out and
monitoring this would require considerable ef ort - and would therefore
rapidly become expensive. Funds would also need to be available over
the long term if this was the only mechanism employed to conserve the
forests. The direct payment approaches may work best linked to a trust
fund mechanism that provides small funding to local communities over
long periods.
In conclusion, the ICDP model has certainly been challenged in recent
years but we believe that the jury is still out and nothing is yet in place/
proposed that can realistically (proven to) replace it. Few would argue
that it makes sense (moral, practical) to conserve areas that are rich
in biodiversity without involving the people that are living in the area.
Falling back totally on the strict 'protection' approach with the exclusion
and marginalization it implies is not a direction most conservationists in
Africa want to take. The integration of conservation at high biodiversity
sites with alleviation of social and economic problems is a goal that has
popular support, but the challenge is to i nd ways of making it work,
to learn from the successes (and failures) of existing projects and not to
dismiss the approach without proposing viable alternatives backed by
detailed scientii c analysis.
Notes
1.
BirdLife International managed the Kilum-Ijim Forest Project and Bamenda Highlands
Forest Project in collaboration with the Cameroon Ministry of the Environment and
Forestry and forest-adjacent communities. The projects received funding from the
Global Environment Facility (GEF/UNDP), the UK Community Fund (National
Lottery Charities Board), the British Department for International Development
(DFID) through the Civil Society Challenge Fund, the Joint Funding Scheme
(DFID), the Global Environment Facility (GEF-World Bank) through the Cameroon
Biodiversity Conservation and Management Programme, the Dutch Ministry of
Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries through the Programme International
Nature Management (PIN) and WWF Netherlands. Current work at Kilum-Ijim is
funded by the JJ Charitable Trust and the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Af airs.
Conservation Projects in the Uluguru Mountains landscape have been funded
by the European Union, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), the
Government of Tanzania, Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA),
Dansk Ornitologisk Forening (DOF) and the Wildlife Conservation Society of
Tanzania (WCST), Christian Aid, the Spanish NGO INTERMON and will soon
receive funds from the GEF. We would like to the thank the following Tanzanian staf
from the various parts of government and projects working around the Ulugurus for
their support and assistance: Lameck Noah, Cheyo Mayuma, Elisha Mazengo, Elisa
