Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The biological importance of the Uluguru Mountains is well known,
with more than 135 species of strictly endemic plants and 16 species of
strictly endemic vertebrates (Lovett and Pócs, 1993; Lovett and Wasser,
1993; Svendsen and Hansen, 1995; Burgess et al., 1998, 2002a; Burgess
and Clarke, 2000; Doggart et al., 2005). The mountains are also impor-
tant hydrologically as they provide the source for the main water supply
to the largest city in Tanzania, Dar es Salaam (see for example, Pócs,
1974, 1976), grow considerable quantities of food for export to towns and
are home to over 100 000 people - primarily from the Luguru tribe. The
Ulugurus therefore have high international values for biodiversity conser-
vation, high national values for water supply to the national and regional
capital cities, and high local importance as a living place for the Luguru
people.
Externally funded ICDP activities have been undertaken in the
Ulugurus for over a decade (see for example, Bhatia and Buckley, 1998;
Burgess et al., 2002b), but have tended to cover small geographical areas
(Figure 3.2d). Three project phases are recognized here:
Phase 1. The planning phase where socioeconomic surveys were
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undertaken to try to understand the interventions that were appro-
priate and needed in the area (Bhatia and Ringia, 1996; Bhatia and
Buckley, 1998). This phase was funded by the European Union
and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and worked with
Tanzanian NGO and government partners.
Phase 2. This phase (after a gap of three years) started to imple-
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ment the i ndings of the preparatory studies. Danish International
Development Agency (DANIDA) funded this part of the work,
which involved Danish (Dansk Ornitologisk Forening - DOF) and
Tanzanian (Wildlife Conservation Society of Tanzania - WCST)
NGOs and Tanzanian government staf .
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Phase 3. This phase represented an expansion of Phase 2, where
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the existing Danish government-supported programme was joined
by a second project funded by GEF and managed by the devel-
opment agency, CARE. The DANIDA-supported programme
started in 2002 and the GEF one started in 2003. Both ran for
i ve years.
The focal area for intervention by these projects is the region of highest
forest biodiversity and greatest threats to the forests. Until 2002, this
caused project actions to concentrate in the forest remnants outside
the oi cial government Forest Reserves on the northern end of the
range (Figure 3.2d). The area was heavily forested in 1955 (from aerial
