Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
One of the accessible sources of glycans is medicinal raw material extract cake. In the
paper presented the method for the prebiotics obtaining from common valerian extraction
cake which remains after obtaining medicinal tincture was developed.
In Russia
Valeriana officinalis L.
was gathered first at an industrial scale during the reign
of Peter the Great. Beginning from XVIII-th century valerian was included into all European
pharmacopeiae and in XIX-XX-th centuries it was studied in numerous researches, but it still
attracts the scientists' attention. The roots of the plant which are gathered in September and
October after the seeds crop are used for medicinal purpose. At this time they contain the
most quantity of active ingredients.
Valerian rootstock and roots contain oil, its content varies from 0,5 to 2% depending on
botanical form, growing condition and cultivation. The valerian oil contains sesquiterpenes
organic acids (valeric acid having spasmolytic effect and formylic, palmitinic, stearinic,
acetic, butanoic, apple acid), alkaloids (valerine and chatinine). The rootstock and roots
contain fats, resins, magnesium and calcium salts, tanning substances, free amines and
carbohydrates [6, 7].
In this work the raw material remaining after the obtaining of medicinal tincture was used
for the extraction of valerian polysaccharides. It was preliminary dried in the air at a room
temperature for 24 hours. Warm distilled water (60
0
С) was added to the plant raw material at
a ratio 1:10 (weight), the flask was put into the thermostat (65
0
С) for 3 hours. The extract
obtained was filtrated through the gauze, and polysaccharides were isolated by 96% ethanol
precipitation from the extract at a ratio 1:3 with the lyophilization followed.
The temperature of extraction (65±1
0
С) is the most optimal as a higher temperature leads
to thermal destraction of polysaccharides and a temperature lower than the optimal range does
not provide full extraction of polysaccharides from the raw material. It was proved
experimentally that the optimal time of extraction of valerian polysaccharides is 3 0,1 hours
that provides maximum degree of polysaccharides extraction. The reduction of the process
duration does not allow obtaining the maximum yield of common valerian polysaccharides,
while the increase in the process duration is unreasonable as after 3 0,1 hours the yield of
polysaccharides does not increase. The use of water as an extracting agent can be explained
by its food and pharmaceutical application; besides the use of other organic solvents (acetone,
hexane, ethyl ether) causes denaturation of the polysaccharide extracted. It is impossible to
use ethyl alcohol as an extracting agent because the polysaccharides from the extraction cake
do not go into alcohol solution.
To determine monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides obtained the acid
hydrolysis was carried out. Into the test tube 0,02% solution of common valerian
polysaccharides(15 ml) was placed, chlorohydric acid was added to get 2% solution of HCl,
then the tube was put into the thermostat. The reaction was carried out for 2 hours at a
temperature of 80
0
С.
The hydrolysates obtained were analysed by the method of highly effective liquid
chromatography. During the analysis chromatographic system «Dionex, Ultimate 3000 USA»
equipped with comparison refractometer and liquid chromatomassspectrometer was used. The
system is also equipped with a peristaltic pump with automatic washing of working plungers,
the system of the solvent cleaning, a needle port, analytical column of stainless steel (500x2
mm) with precolumn (50x2 mm). The polymeric carrier Reprogel-H which is a weak cation-
exchanger was used as a stationary phase. The column was characterized by 164000
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