Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
12.2 Classii cation of Imprinted Nanomaterials
Imprinted nanomaterials are basically classii ed in two broad categories:
1) Imprinting onto the nanostructures and 2) Imprinted nanostructures,
i.e., synthesis of imprinted materials at the level of nanostructures. h ese
two classes are based on modii cation protocols used in the combination
of imprinting and nanotechnology. In the i rst one, imprinting will be
done onto the surface of nanomaterials, viz., nanoparticles (Au, Ag, Pt, Zn,
TiO
2
), nanotubes, nanowires, and/or magnetic nanoparticles, whereas in
another class, imprinted materials are prepared at nanoscale.
12.2.1
Imprinting onto the Nanostructure Surfaces
12.2.1.1
Imprinted Novel Metal Nanoparticles (NPs)
Nanoparticles are the simplest form of structures with sizes in the nm range.
In principle, any collection of atoms bonded together with a structural radius
of <100 nm can be considered a nanoparticle. h ese can include, e.g., fulle-
rens, metal clusters (agglomerates of metal atoms), large molecules, such as
proteins, and even hydrogen-bonded assemblies of water molecules, which
exist in water at ambient temperatures. Most methods for preparation of
MIPs were bulk/precipitation polymerization to obtain bulky MIPs, which
were traditional, and exhibited some disadvantages including incomplete
template removal, small binding capacity, slow mass transfer, and irregular
materials shape. h e attempts to address these problems generally require
that imprinted materials are prepared in the optimizing forms that control
templates to be situated at the surface or in the proximity of the materials'
surface, providing the complete removal of templates, good accessibility to
the target species, and low mass-transfer resistance. h e grat ing method for
molecular imprinting on the surface of nanoparticles and simultaneously
obtaining the regular/uniform morphology would be an option. In the case
of imprinting, the most commonly used substrate nanoparticles are gold,
silver, iron oxide, titanium oxide and silica oxide nanoparticles. Herein, we
would like to discuss the application of novel metal nanoparticles, i.e., gold
and silver NPs. As of this date, the molecular imprinting at the surface of
various substrates remains a challenge.
Recently, Ran
et al.
described a method to imprint molecular recog-
nition sites into Au NPs composites [14]. h e method includes the elec-
tropolymerization of thioaniline-functionalized Au NPs in the presence
of imprint substrates that exhibit ai nity interactions with the thioan-
iline-functionalized Au NPs or with a co-added ligand associated with
