Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
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Changing of Thinking from Effects of Globalization
Besides affected by Confucianism, Vietnam has been also greatly influenced by the
education of Europe such as France and Russia and the United States. The education
also helped advanced VIETNAM achievements for the development of scientific-
technical for country. VIETNAM education gradually moved from an education
with a feudal backwardness into an advanced education and more modernization.
Since 1986 a profound socioeconomic policy change has taken place in Vietnam:
the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy. Thus, Vietnam has
become one of the many economies now classified as a transitional economy. From
1992 to 2003, the average GDP per year of Vietnam increases to 6-7 %. Among that,
the labor contributes about 60-65 % increase in GDP. Vietnam has had considerable
success, especially in increasing the size of the education sector.
The education renovation in that time was the changing of thinking system from
subsidize to marketing.
Absolutely, it was a process of thinking change. The success
of economic renovation has pushed education to change. The idea of democracy in
education has been developed.
With the influence of globalization, Vietnam is being brought into the process
of democratization. It is possible to observe the following shifts in the emphasis on
higher education:
From meeting human resource demand for state organizations and enterprises to
meeting human resource demand for a multi-sector market economy
From relying solely on state budget for the provision of higher education to
multiple sources of funding
From centralized planning in university admission and training to decentralized
planning at the provincial and sector level
From offering government financial scholarship to requiring students to pay
tuition fees.
From narrow specialization in specialized institutes to broad-based education in
comprehensive universities
From training for state-allocated job employment to lifelong learning gearing for
occupational changes throughout one's lifetime
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Successes and Challenges
After more than 25 years of innovation, Vietnamese education also has not only
achieved certain successes but also accompanied by numerous challenges.
Scale education has developed quite strong in number and moved from elite
education to mass, for example, in higher education during the period 2001-2011,
an increase from 918,228 to 2,162,106 students. In 2011, there are 163 universities
and 223 colleges (more than doubled since 2001) (MOET), but they do not retain
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