Cytotoxicity of Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials - Biointeractions of Nanomaterials - page 110

TABLE 4.1
Examples of Biocompatibility Assessment Methods for Delivery Systems that Respond to Internal Stimuli

Biocompatibility
Assessment Method(s)

Time
Point(s) Biomaterial(s) Stimulus Source Cell Line(s) Additional Comments Reference

PMAA nanohydrogels Redox potential

and pH

CCK-8 assay HEK-293 and

U251MG

24 and
48 h

Biocompatibility of nanohydrogels was assessed over the
concentration range of 0.1-100 μg/mL

Pan et al . (2012)

HPHSEP -star -PEP Redox potential MTT assay and AO/EB

staining

NIH-3T3 24 h Biocompatibility of NPs was assessed over the concentration

range of 0.5-1000 μg/mL

Liu et al . (2011)

Synthetic elastin
hydrogel a

Salt
concentration

H&E staining M-1, HEK-293,

and HT-1080

3 and 6
days

In vivo studies in male guinea pigs, studied up to 96 days
postimplantation

Mithieus et al .
(2004)

Poly-l-lysine-
neutravidin-PEG

pH MTT assay HeLa 48 h Biocompatibility of NPs was assessed over concentration

range of 1 × 10 6 -1 × 10 12 # particles/mL

Poon et al . (2011)

P(NIPAM- co -MAA) pH MTT assay SKOV3 24 and

48 h

Biocompatibility assessed over the concentration range of
12.5-200 μg/mL

Dai et al. (2012)

pH MTT assay RAW 264.7 20 h Sankaranarayanan

et al . (2010)

Poly-β-aminoester
ketal-2

Biocompatible up to 3.7 μg/mL, at 11.1 μg/mL toxicity was
observed

Nanodiamonds pH MTT assay and cellular

morphology

HeLa, A549,
and K562

24 h Biocompatibility of nanodiamonds was assessed over the

concentration range of 0.1-100 μg/mL in serum-free media

Li et al . (2010)

Nanodiamond-cisplatin pH MTT assay HeLa 24 h Biocompatibility of nanodiamond-cisplatin was assessed

based on comparison to free cisplatin at 37.5 and 300 μM

Guan et al . (2010)

PCL- b -PEEP Temperature MTT assay HEK-293 72 h Biocompatibility of polymer was assessed over the

concentration range of 0.078-10 mg/mL

Wang et al .
(2009)

PNIPAM, PVCL, and
PVCL-graft-C 11 EO 42

Temperature MTT assay and LDH

assay

Caco-2 and
Calu-3

3 and
12 h

Biocompatibility of polymers was assessed over the
concentration range of 0-10 mg/mL

Vihola et al .
(2005)

Elastase-alginate Enzyme

(elastase)

MTT assay and IL-8
production

Calu-3 24 and

4 h

Biocompatibility of microparticles was assessed at 1 mg/mL Sivadas et al .

(2011)

PEGDA-MMP-sensitive
peptide-platinum

Enzyme (MMP-2
and MMP-9)

MTT assay U-87 MG 48 and

96 h

Biocompatibility of hydrogels and peptides alone was
assessed over the concentration range of 0.5-110 μM

Tauro et al .
(2008)

Retinoid-phospholipid
prodrug/liposome

Enzyme (sPLA 2 ) MTT assay HT-29 and

Colo-205

24 h Biocompatibility of liposomes was assessed over the

concentration range of 0.1-110 μM

Pedersen et al .
(2010)

a Indicates in vivo studies were conducted along with in vitro studies.