Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
1812
Burckhardt rediscovers Petra for the Western world, sparking off an enduring fascina-
tion with the fabled Pink City, and the region in general, among Western travellers, ar-
chaeologists, writers and artists.
1908
The Ottoman Empire, now 'the sick man of Europe', builds the Hejaz Railway linking
Damascus with the holy city of Medina, via Amman, in an effort to reassert regional
influence.
1914-18
During WWI Jordan sees fierce fighting between Ottoman Turks (allied with the Ger-
mans) and the British, based in Egypt. By 1917 British troops occupy Jerusalem, and
Syria thereafter.
1916
The Arab Revolt, led by Faisal and backed by the British with the famous assistance of
TE Lawrence, storms Aqaba, disrupts the Hejaz Railway and marches on Damascus.
1917
The Balfour Declaration giving Jews a home in Palestine is not the reward the Arabs
are promised. In a reluctant compromise, Faisal's brother, Abdullah, becomes ruler of
Trans-Jordan.
1923
Britain recognises Jordan as an independent emirate under its protection. A small de-
fence force, the Arab Legion, is set up under British officers and the nominal control of
Emir Abdullah.
1930s
The Nazi persecution of Jews accelerates Jewish immigration to Palestine, fuelling
more violence between Jews and Arabs. A 1939 proposal to create a bi-national state is
rejected by both sides.
