Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
3.8.6
Ceratophyllales
The monotypic Ceratophyllales is hyphydrophilous, i.e., pollination takes
place entirely below the surface of the water (Les, 1993), and its species do
not have nectaries.
3.8.7
Eudicots
In the Eudicots, nectaries frequently occur on petals and, to a lesser extent,
on receptacles, androecium, and gynoecium parts, excluding ovaries.
Ranunculales.
Nectaries may be absent or present even in the same family;
when present, they are mostly located in the corolla.
Eupteleaceae
and
Me-
nispermaceae
lack nectaries (Cronquist, 1981; Endress, 1986). In
Berber-
idaceae
, two nectaries are usually located at the base of the petals (Fahn,
1979; Cronquist, 1981; Suzuki, 1984; Smets, 1986; Bernardello et al., 2000),
but staminodes transformed into nectaries have also been observed (Cron-
quist, 1981; Brett & Posluszny, 1982). Recent floral morphological studies
on
Circaeasteraceae
do not mention the presence of nectaries in
Circaeaster
(Tian et al., 2005) or
Kingdonia
(Ren et al., 2004), although no anatomical
analyses or experiments with live plants were performed. For
Kingdonia
,
Cronquist (1981) points out that there is an outer series of 8-12 apically
nectariferous staminodes.
Lardizabalaceae
may not possess nectaries
(Kawagoe & Suzuki, 2003) or have nectariferous petals (Cronquist, 1981).
The same situation holds for
Papaveraceae
, where nectaries are absent
(Cronquist, 1981) or present in the former Fumariaceae as petal nectariferous
spurs (Cronquist, 1981; Lidén, 1993; Olesen, 1996).
Ranunculaceae
has a
variety of nectaries (see “Ranunculaceae” on page 50 for a detailed discus-
sion) although some taxa have none, e.g.,
Thalictrum
.
Caltha
has nectari-
ferous trichomes on the carpels (Peterson et al., 1979; Smets & Cresens,
1988), but most members possess petal nectaries (Fahn, 1979; Cronquist,
1981; Smets, 1986; Kosuge, 1994). Some genera also have nectariferous
spurs—
Aquilegia
with petal spurs,
Delphinium
and
Aconitum
with petal-and-
sepal complex spurs (Hodges, 1997; Erbar et al., 1999).
Sabiaceae.
Data are scarce for the nectaries of this family, other than that
Douglas (personal observation in Douglas & Tucker, 1996) indicated that
Sabia
flowers have receptacular nectaries similar to those found in Protea-
ceae.
Proteales.
No nectaries have been observed in
Nelumbonaceae
, in which
floral thermogenesis and odours attract a diversity of insect pollinators
