Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
on
Eucalyptus grandis
in South Africa.
Journal of the Australian Entomological Society
,
30
, 257-262.
Van Tets, I.G., & Nicolson, S.W. (2000). Pollen and the nitrogen requirements of the lesser
double-collared sunbird.
Auk
,
117
, 826-830.
Visscher, P.K., & Seeley, T.D. (1982). Foraging strategy of honeybee colonies in a temperate
deciduous forest.
Ecology
,
63
, 1790-1801.
Völkl, W., Woodring, J., Fischer, M., Lorenz, M.W., & Hoffmann, K.H. (1999). Ant-aphid
mutualisms: the impact of honeydew production and honeydew sugar composition on ant
preferences.
Oecologia
,
118
, 483-491.
von Helversen, O., & Reyer, H.-U. (1984). Nectar intake and energy expenditure in a flower
visiting bat.
Oecologia
,
63
, 178-184.
Wäckers, F.L. (2001). A comparison of nectar- and honeydew sugars with respect to their
utilization by the hymenopteran parasitoid
Cotesia glomerata
.
Journal of Insect Physiol-
ogy
,
47
, 1077-1084.
Wäckers, F.L., & Bonifay, C. (2004). How to be sweet? Extrafloral nectar allocation by
Gos-
sypium hirsutum
fits optimal defense theory predictions.
Ecology
,
85
, 1512-1518.
Waddington, K.D. (2001). Subjective evaluation and choice behavior by nectar- and pollen-
collecting bees. In: L. Chittka, & J.D. Thomson (Eds.),
Cognitive ecology of pollination
(pp. 41-60). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wagner, D., & Kay, A. (2002). Do extrafloral nectaries distract ants from visiting flowers?
An experimental test of an overlooked hypothesis.
Evolutionary Ecology Research
,
4
,
293-305.
Waller, G.D. (1972). Evaluating responses of honeybees to sugar solutions using an artificial-
flower feeder.
Annals of the Entomological Society of America
,
65
, 857-862.
Warburg, I., & Galun, R. (1992). Ingestion of sucrose solutions by the Mediterranean fruit fly
Ceratitis capitata
(Wiedl).
Journal of Insect Physiology
,
38
, 969-972.
Waser, N.M. (2006). Specialization and generalization in plant-pollinator interactions: a his-
torical perspective. In: N.M. Waser, & J. Ollerton (Eds.),
Plant-pollinator interactions:
from specialization to generalization
(pp. 3-17). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Waser, N.M., Chittka, L., Price, M.V., Williams, N.M., & Ollerton, J. (1996). Generalization
in pollination systems, and why it matters.
Ecology
,
77
, 1043-1060.
Waser, N.M., & Ollerton, J. (2006).
Plant-pollinator interactions: from specialization to
generalization
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Watt, W.B., Hoch, P.C., & Mills, S.G. (1974). Nectar resource use by
Colias
butterflies:
chemical and visual aspects.
Oecologia
,
14
, 353-374.
Wei, X., Johnson, S.J., & Hammond, A.M. (1998). Sugar-feeding strategy of adult velvetbean
caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
Environmental Entomology
,
27
, 1235-1241.
Welch, K.C., Hartman Bakken, B., Martínez del Rio, C., & Suarez, R.K. (2006). Humming-
birds fuel hovering flight with newly ingested sugar.
Physiological and Biochemical
Zoology
,
79
, 1082-1087.
Wells, H., Hill, P.S., & Wells, P.H. (1992). Nectarivore foraging ecology: rewards differing in
sugar types.
Ecological Entomology
,
17
, 280-288.
Wester, P., & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2006). Bird pollination in South African
Salvia
species.
Flora
,
201
, 396-406.
Westerkamp, C. (1990). Bird-flowers: hovering versus perching exploitation.
Botanica Acta
,
103
, 366-371.
Westerkamp, C. (1991). Honeybees are poor pollinators—why?
Plant Systematics and Evolu-
tion
,
177
, 71-75.
Whitaker, A.H. (1987). The roles of lizards in New Zealand plant reproductive strategies.
New Zealand Journal of Botany
,
25
, 315-328.