Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
techniques. All synthetic polymers can be melted or processed by conventional
means such as injection molding, compression molding, and extrusion. In addition,
alterations in pressure of the system to create porous structures have also been used
to form 3D scaffolds.
Problems
6.1
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using metals as biomaterials?
6.2
What is the major advantage of using ceramics as a biomaterial?
6.3
List several physical properties that are characteristics of polymers. What are
the major problems of using polymers as biomaterials?
6.4
What should be the criteria in selecting a particular material for biomedical
applications?
6.5
You are trying to develop a new coating for a prosthetic application. What
primary interactions will you consider if you were to test the compatibility of
the material for the application? Write only the five tests.
6.6
Magnesia partially stabilized zircona bioceramic exhibits high mechanical
strength, excellent corrosion resistance and minor host response. Thus, it is
suitable for orthopedic and dental applications. However, low adherence with
the body fluids limits its use. Hao et al. [11] investigated using a CO
2
laser to
alter the surface structure. They report the following contact angle data.
Polyglycol
E-200
Polyglycolycol
15-200
Test Liquid
Glycerol
Formamide
Etheneglycol
Untreated
79
73
61
53
35
1.6 kW/cm
2
CO
2
laser treated
40
36
29
35
19
Determine whether surface energy changed significantly to make the sur-
face more wettable.
6.7
Hao et al. [12] studied the modifications of a 316LS stainless steel surface fol-
lowing the irradiation of a CO
2
laser and a high-power diode laser (HPDL).
They report the following contact angle measurements in various liquids. Us-
ing these values, they calculated the adhesive work towards SBF to be 72.5
mJ/m
2
and SBF+BSA to be 54.9 mJ/m
2
. Check their calculations and compare
the effect of the surface treatment.
Simulated Body
Fluid (SBF)
Test Liquid
Distilled Water
Glycerol
SBF
+
BSA
Untreated
89.0
±
1.3
73.8
±
0.8
82.9
±
0.8
61.4
±
0.2
CO
2
laser
77.8
±
1.9
67.9
±
1.1
73.2
±
1.6
57.1
±
0.4
HPDL laser
83.1
±
0.3
70.5
±
0.5
76.4
±
1.3
59.4
±
1.1
6.8
How does the inflammation influence the biomaterial?
