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Pact member, the 1956 invasion of Hungary to
suppress a growing nationalist Communist revo-
lution, was actually a unilateral maneuver by the
Soviet Union that did not involve Warsaw Pact
troops.
In 1985, the Warsaw Pact was officially
renewed for another 20 years, but it lasted only
until July 1991, in view of the revolutionary
changes that swept Eastern Europe and the
Soviet Union between 1989 and 1991. As part of
the relaxation of tensions with the West that sig-
naled the coming end of the cold war, the Soviet
Union began to pull its troops from other War-
saw Pact countries in 1989. East Germany with-
drew from the pact in October 1990 and joined
West Germany in a unified German state. After
ceasing joint military actions in March 1991, the
remaining six nations dissolved the pact in July
1991. Within six months the Soviet Union itself
dissolved, giving way to 15 independent nations.
Winter War
(1939-1940)
A war fought between Finland and the Soviet
Union between November 1939 and March
1940 that followed from the secret protocol in
A cartoon expressing outrage at the Soviet invasion of Finland shows Joseph Stalin about to kill a young woman
(labeled “Finlandia”) and her child with a hammer and sickle, ca. 1940
(Library of Congress)
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