Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
The Suitability of Different Winter and Spring Wheat Varieties for Cultivation in Organic Farming
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58351
The yield of grain (t·ha
-1
)
Number of ears (pcs·m
-2
)
1000 grains weight (g)
Cultivar
2008 2009 2010
mean
2008 2009 2010
mean
2008 2009 2010
mean
Bombona
4.29
3.01
3.25
3.52
450
433
402
428
33.3
37.6
30.8
33.9
Bryza
4.13
2.63
2.71
3.16
454
363
357
389
34.0
38.1
32.1
34.7
Nawra
4.36
2.21
2.48
3.02
382
339
301
341
37.8
35.4
35.5
36.2
Parabola
4.31
2.69
3.21
3.40
385
341
277
334
39.3
41.2
40.9
40.5
Raweta
4.65
2.84
3.04
3.51
417
383
378
393
36.9
36.2
34.0
35.7
Tybalt
6.16
2.43
3.60
4.06
380
348
307
345
43.2
34.2
40.6
39.3
Vinjett
4.52
3.01
3.25
3.59
505
426
412
448
33.9
34.9
31.3
33.4
Zadra
4.81
3.05
3.20
3.69
422
392
361
392
32.8
35.6
31.6
33.3
Żura
4.86
3.31
3.40
3.86
385
394
360
380
38.8
43.3
37.7
36.9
mean
4.68
2.80
3.13
3.54
420
380
351
383
36.7
37.4
34.9
36.0
HSD
(α=0.05)
0.21
0.24
0.29
0.43
43
61
63
54
1.3
1.7
0.9
1.3
Table 13.
The yield of spring wheat and the components of yield in organic system
The yield of grain (t·ha
-1
)
Number of ears (pcs·m
-2
)
1000 grains weight (g)
Cultivar
2008 2009 2010
mean
2008 2009 2010
mean
2008 2009 2010
mean
Bombona
6.97
4.52
4.37
5.29
504
518
471
498
46.4
37.5
40.5
41.5
Parabola
7.40
4.07
5.06
5.51
370
447
398
405
56.9
48.2
51.1
52.1
Tybalt
7.75
4.37
5.67
5.93
512
430
421
455
48.9
37.3
43.5
43.2
Vinjett
6.71
4.34
4.77
5.27
550
507
513
524
44.4
33.8
37.2
38.5
mean
7.21
4.33
4.97
5.50
484
476
451
470
49.1
39.2
43.1
43.8
HSD
(α=0.05)
0.52
0.18
0.53
0.64
64
54
61
37
1.6
1.0
1.9
2.1
Table 14.
The yield of spring wheat and the components of yield in conventional system
Weed infestation of spring wheat in organic farming was on average 80 plants m
-1
in 2008 and
2010 while in 2009 it was 115 plants m
-2
(Table 15). Dry matter of weeds ranged from 7 g m
-2
in 2008 (very successful wheat cropping) to 57 g m
-2
in 2009 (worse stand density and uni‐
formity due to unfavorable weather conditions).
Chenopodium album
and
Stellaria media
were
the most common weed species throughout the years of the study
.
In 2010, weeds that are hard
to control and more competitive to wheat were common
(Cirsium arvense
,
Anthemis arvensis
and
Galium aparine
).
The competitiveness against weeds of spring wheat sown with the clovers and grasses was
depended on morphological features of wheat varieties, plant density and biomass of under‐
sown crop. Whether conditions were also a major factor affecting weed infestation as they
