Electroanalysis with Carbon Paste–Based Electrodes, Sensors, and Detectors - Electroanalysis with Carbon Paste Electrodes - page 312

TABLE 8.14 (continued)
Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Drugs at Carbon Paste Electrodes, Sensors, and Detectors: Survey of Methods and Selected Studies

Analyte
(Chemical
Form)

Classiication (Chem.
Speciication)

Type of CPE (Modiier)/
[Coniguration]

Technique
(Mode)

Experimental and Electroanalytical
Characterization, Selected Data; Notes

Sample(s) Ref(s)

Epirubicin Antineoplastic.(antibioticum.

from. Streptomyces .sp.)

C/PO.(unm.)
C/PO.(+ss-,.dsDNA)

CV,.DPV Interaction.with.double-stranded.calf.

thymus.DNA.(hybridization.indicator)

Model.solns. [2565]

Ethinylestradiol Orally.active.medic..

(semisynth..steroid)

C/PO.(unm.)
C/PO.(+CPyB)

CV,.LSV,.
DPV

Surfactant.enhances.hydrophobicity.of.the.
CPE.surface;.LOD:.3.×.10 −8 .mol.L −1

comm..tablets.
( Levonorgestre l ® )

[1635]

Etoposide Antineoplastic.(antibioticum.

from. Streptomyces .sp.)

C/PO.(unm.) CV,.LSV,.

DPV

Study.of.rev..elec..oxidn.,.BR-B.(pH.3;.
pH >.4.gives.to.more.compl..process)
E A .=.+0.51.V.vs..ref.;.LOD:.1.×.10 −7 .M

Human.serum.
(spiked.s.)

[2566]

Etidronate .
(sodium)

Skin.cosmetic.agent.
(biphosphonate.der.)

C/PO.(+ n -Cu) CV,.LSV,.

DPV

el.-catalyzed.oxidn..(via.Cu III .→.Cu II ).evaln.
of.kinetic.data.( k S ,. α ,.and. D X );.lin.r.:.
200-2500.mM;. R R .=.95%-105%

Model.solns. [960]

Fenoterol .
(hydrobromide)

Sympathomimetic. a ..(subst..
phenyl.amino-ethyl.
benzendiol)

(a).C/Nj.(unm.;. Metrohm )
(b).C/Nj.(+Naion)

(a).COU
(b).CV,.DPV

(a).Pool-conigured.CPE.( d .=.2.cm).used.
for.coulometric.evaln..of.number.of.e −
(b).LOD:.1.×.10 −8 .M;.simult.detn..of.3.d.

Model.solns. (a).[1719]

(b).[1718]

Fentanyl
(citrate)

Narcotic.analgesic.ag..
(Ph-Et-piperidinyl- N -Ph-
propanamide)

CILE.ctng..GCP.+.
OPy + BF 4 − )

CV,.ECL GC:.glassy.carbon.powder,.OPy:.octyl.

pyridinium;.ECL.reaction.with.Ru III .sp.
lin:.1.×.10 −8 -1.×.10 −4 .M;.RSD.<.2%.
( n = 10)

Model.solns.,.
pharm..forms.

[486]

Flaxedil Muscle.relaxant.

(G-triethiodide)

C/PO.(CTA + I − )
[CP-ISE]

POT.(dir.,.
titr.)

pH.5-9,.2.×.10 −6 -0.1.M;.G:.gallamine,.
titrants:.BF 4 − ,.W(Mo 3 O 10 ) 4 3− ;.no.interfs.

Injection.samples.
(ampoules)

[707,2567]

Flunitrazepam Hypnoticum.(benzodiazepin-

one)

C/Nj.(+ Bentonite ,.clay) CV,.DPV o.c.,.MEx:.(1).AcB.(pH.3.8).+.(2).0.5.M.

KNO 3 .(pH.7);.lin.:.0.2-4.μg.mL −1

Tablets.
( Rohypnol ® ),.
human.serum,.
urine

[1074]

Fluphenazine Antipsychotic.drug.

(phenothiazine.der.)

C/PO.(unm.) DPV,.CP,.CM o.c.,.0.02-1.μg.mL −1 ;.LOD:.5.ng.mL −1 .

studies.on.adsorp..accum..mechanism

pharm..forms..
(dosage.tablets)

[731,2537]