Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 8.9 (continued)
Determination of Metals of the I, II, III, and IV Group and of Rare Earths at Carbon Paste Electrodes, Sensors, and Detectors:
Survey of Methods and Selected Studies
Type of CPE
(Modiier)
Technique
(Mode)
Measuring Principles
(Method Sequences)
Linearity Range
(LOD;
t
ACC
/
t
R
)
Ion, Species
Sample(s)
Other Speciication (Remarks)
Ref(s)
Ca
2+
C/PO.(ARS;.
in situ
)
2nd.DeLVs
adsorp..accum..by.compl.
Cathodic.redn.
3.×.10
−8
−2.×.10
−6
.M.
(9.×.10
−9
;.90.s)
Tap.water;.milk,.
human.serum
s.e.:.0.02.M.KOH.+.20.mM.ARS.
(i.e.,
Alizarin Red 'S'
),.
E
ac
.=.−0.1.V
regnt..of.bare.CPE.in.0.2.M.HCl
[2343]
Al
3
+
, Ga
3
+
Al
3+
,.V
V
C/PO.(SRV.
RS,
in situ
)
LSV
adsorp..accum..as.compl.
Anodic.oxidn..of.ligand
0.1-1.μg.L
−1
.Me.
(<0.1.μg.L
−1
;.5.min)
CRM.(silica.
brick)
SRV.
RS
:.Solochrome.violet.
RS
s.e.:.0.2.M.CH
3
COONa;.method.for.
simult..detn..of.Al
III
.+.V
V
.and.
indirect.detc..of.org..moiety
[2344]
Al
3+
,.Be
2+
C/PO.(SRV.
RS,
in situ
)
LSV
adsorp..accum..as.compl.
Anodic.oxidn..of.ligand
Model.solns..
(ctng..Be
2+
)
Indirect.method;.high.selectivity.
toward.Be
2+
,.but.serious.interfs..
from.Pb
2+
.ions
[2345]
(ca..1.μg.L
−1
)
Al
3+
C/PO.(oxin)
DPASV
accum..by.compl.
Anodic.reoxidn.
2.×.10
−8
−6.×.10
−6
.M.
(1.×.10
−8
.M,.30.s)
Model.solns.
incl..studies.on.interfs..from.metal.
ions.and.redn..agents
[2346]
Al
3+
C/PW.(s).(β-CD.
clp.+.AR
S
)
POT.(dir.)
accum..by.inclusion.
effect and.compl.;.
equilibrium.pot.
1.×.10
−4
−0.1.M.(8.×.
10
−5
.M;.—)
pharms.
modif.:.
β
-cyclodextrin.polymer.
mixed.with.
Alizarin Red S
[2347]
Al
3+
C/PO.
(SG-nAu-
dNNMA)
POT.(dir.)
Complex.formation.
(1:1); changes.in.
equilibrium.pot.
5.×.10
−10
−0.05.M.
(2 ×.10
−10
.M;.5.s)
Real.samples.
(water,.soils)
modif.:.Sol/Gel.Au-nanoparticles.+.
2,2′-dihydroxy-1-naphthylidine-1′-
naphthyl.methyl.amine;.pH.3-7
[958]
Ga
3+
,.Zn
2+
C/PO.(unm.)
LSV
Direct.measurement.with.
cathodic.redn.
(μM.level)
Industrial.solns..
(nat..minerals.
of.Al(OH)
n
.
type)
s.e.:.0.1-0.6.M.monoethanolamine.+.
(Et)
4
N
+
Br
−
.(acc..to.conc..of.Ga);.
simult..detn..with.Zn
II
[2328,2349]
Ga
3+
C/PO.(ARS)
CV,.2nd.
DeLV
adsorp..accum..via.compl.
Cathodic.redn.
0.02-6.00.μg.L
−1
.
(0.01.μg.L
−1
;.3.min)
Food
ARS:.
Alizarine red S
;.0.1.M.AcB.
studies.on.complex..mechanism(s)
[689,2350]
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