Electroanalysis with Carbon Paste–Based Electrodes, Sensors, and Detectors - Electroanalysis with Carbon Paste Electrodes - page 236

TABLE 8.5 (continued)
Determination of Cadmium and Lead at Carbon Paste Electrodes, Sensors, and Detectors: Survey of Methods and Selected Studies

Type of CPE
(Modiier)

Technique
(Mode)

Measuring Principles (Method
Sequences)

Linearity Range
(LOD; t ACC / t R )

Ion, Species Sample(s) Other Speciication (Remarks) Ref(s)

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ .
Cu 2+ ,.Zn 2+

s-CPE.(C/wx).
(Hg 2 C 2 O 4 )

DPASV accum..via.ion-exchange

redn.;.anodic.reoxidn.

— Medicinal.

plants,.
pharms.

CP-binder:.solidiied.parafin.
wax
pharm.:.ayurvedic.tablets;.
results.compared.with.ref..AAS

[316]

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ .
Me n +

C/SO.
(Bi-powder)

SWASV accum..onto.Bi.via.Me a Bi b .alloy.

formation;.reoxidn.

50-1000.ppb.(−) Model.solns. Studies.on.use.of.Bi-CPE.in.

AmB.(pH.9-10);.Me:.Mn,.Zn,.
Tl,.and.In

[672]

Cd 2+ CNTPE.(+MF;.

in situ )

SWASV.
( in vivo )

accum..at.highly.negative.pot..by.
Hg-amalgamation
Anodic.reoxidn.

10-80.μg.L −1 .
(5 × 10 −8 .M,.
400.s)

Plant.and.ish.
tissues

E acc .=.−1.6.V.vs..ref.;.RSD.<.6%
Real-time.monitoring.( in vivo )

[377]

Pb 2+ C/PO.(SiO 2 /

Al 2 O 3 )

CV,.DPASV o.c..accum..via.sorption

el..redn./anodic.reoxidn.

2.×.10 −9 -5.×.10 −5 .
M.(1.×.10 −9 .M;.
5.min)

Real.samples.
(−)

modif.:.mixed.oxide,.
characterized.by.TG,.XRF,.
FTIR;.added.in.5%

[1210]

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ mCPE.(+BiF,.

in situ )

SWASV accum..onto.Bi.via.Me a Bi b .alloy.

formation;.reoxidn.

1.×.10 −9 -5.×.10 −6 .
M.(1.3.nM.Cd,.
0.8.nM.Pb)

Model.solns. Initial.characterization.of.a.

mini-CPE.plated.with.BiF;.s.e.:.
AcB

[592]

Pb 2+ C/PO.

(Ca II -MMT)

CV,.DPASV o.c..accum..via.ion-exch.

el..redn./anodic.reoxidn.

—(6.×.10 −9 .M,.—) Water.samples MMT:.montmorillonite;.s.e.:.

0.01.M.HCl;.comparison.with.
bare.CPE

[1067]

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ C/PO.(+BiF/

Fbg)

SWASV.
(BIA)

accum..onto.Bi.via.Me a Bi b .alloy.
formation;.reoxidn.

(0.2.μg.L −1 .for.Cd,.
0.1.μg.L −1 .for.Pb)

Tap.water.tea.
samples

Fbg:.Fibrinogen.(a.protective.
layer.against.surfactants);.BIA.
mode:.batch.injection.analysis.
in.microvolume)

[2269]

Cd 2+ C/PO.(BTZT/

SBA-15 )

DPASV accum..via.complex.and.

sorption; redn./reoxidn.

1-10.×.10 −6 .M.
(5 × 10 −7 .M;.
2.min)

Natural.water modif:.2-benzothiazolethiol.+.

com.nanostructured.silica;.PhB.
(pH.3)
interfs..from.other.Me n + .tested

[1860]