Electroanalysis with Carbon Paste–Based Electrodes, Sensors, and Detectors - Electroanalysis with Carbon Paste Electrodes - page 234

TABLE 8.5 (continued)
Determination of Cadmium and Lead at Carbon Paste Electrodes, Sensors, and Detectors: Survey of Methods and Selected Studies

Type of CPE
(Modiier)

Technique
(Mode)

Measuring Principles (Method
Sequences)

Linearity Range
(LOD; t ACC / t R )

Ion, Species Sample(s) Other Speciication (Remarks) Ref(s)

Pb 2+ C/PO.( o -,. m -,.

p -PD/E)

DPASV accum..via.complexation

e..redn./anodic.reoxidn.

5.×.10 −8 -1.×.10 −5 .
M.(1.×.10 −9 .M;.
10.min)

Model.solns. PD/E:.phenylenediamine.

(isomers).mixed.in.CP/
electropolymerized
interfs..of.various.Me 2+ .
evaluated

[1352]

Pb 2+ C/PO.[wj-D].

(APA-MMS)

AD,.
FIA-EC

Pb II -vs.-APA.afinity
el..redn..by.E CONST

1-25.ppb.Pb.
(1 ppb)

Model.solns. APA-MMS:.acetamide-

phosphonic.acid.functionalized.
mesoporous.SiO 2 ;.wj-D:.
wall-jet.detector

[547]

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ C/SO.

(Bi-powder)

SWASV,.
CCSA

accum..onto.Bi.via.Me a Bi b .alloy.
formation;.reoxidn.

10-100.ppb.Me 2+ .
(1.ppb;.3.min)

Tap.water.
(spiked)

Carbon.paste.modiied.with.ine.
Bi-powder.(15%.w/w);.
compared.with.BiF-GCE.and.
BiF-CPE

[266]

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ CP-GrE.(+BiF,.

in situ )

DPASV accum..onto.Bi.via.Me a Bi b .alloy.

formation;.reoxidn.

50.ppb.Me 2+ .(−) Model.solns GrE:.“groove”.CPE.based.on.

mini.planar.holder.with.a.
cavity.for.CP;.initial.
characterization.with.Me 2+

[585]

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ C/SO.(+MF,.

in situ )

DPASV accum..on.Hg.via.Me a Hg x .

amalgamation;.reoxidn.

30-300.μg.L −1 .
Me 2+ .(−)

Tap.water.
(spiked)

Statistical.analysis.of.about.600.
detns..performed.in.framework.
of.students'.lab.exercises.per.
decade

[671]

Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+ .
Me n +

C/SO.(+BiF/
BiP)

DPASV,.
SWASV

accum..onto.Bi.via.Me a Bi b .alloy.
formation;.reoxidn.

10-100.ppb.
(<1 ppb;.5.min)

Tap.and.sea.
waters.(spiked.
samples)

Advanced.studies.with.
BiF-CPEs.and.Bi-CPEs;.s.e.:.
0.1.M.AcB,.0.1.M.NaOH;.Me:.
Mn,.Zn,.Tl

[670]