Electroanalysis with Carbon Paste–Based Electrodes, Sensors, and Detectors - Electroanalysis with Carbon Paste Electrodes - page 229

Cu 2+ C/PO.

(Cyclam mS)

ASV accum..via.macrocycle

redn.;.anodic.reoxidn.

2-100.nM.(2.nM) Tap.water modif.:.Cyclam.ders..grafted.via.

silylation.to.mesoporous.silica;.
study.on.effect.of.modif..prepared

[2248]

Cu 2+ C/PO.

(Cyclam mS)

POT,.AM,.
SECM

Dual.function.of.the.CPE.
(as.ISE.or.a.tip.for.
SECM)

1.×.10 −6 -0.001.M.
(1.μM;.15.s)

Model.solns. CP-ISE.microelectrode.(with.tip.of.

25.μm);.SECM:.scanning.
electro-chemical.microscopy

[2249]

Cu 2+ C/PO.(SB/

SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 )

CSV accum..via.complexation

Anodic.reoxidn.

3.×.10 −10 -3.×.10 −7 .M.
(0.2.nM;.5.min)

Tap.water,.CRMs modif:.Schiff.base.covalently.bound.

with.mixed.oxide,.its.identiication.
by.CHN,.TG,.FTIR;.CPE.regnt..
needed

[1211]

Cu 2+ C/Nj.(DAN) ASV.(with.

RDE)

accum..via.complexation
Anodic.reoxidn.

0.1-250.ppb.(−) Tap.water,.

orange.juice

DAN:.1,8-diaminonaphthalene.(as.
conductive.polymer);.acidic.media

[537]

Cu 2+ C/PO.(zeolite) SWCSV accum..via.ion-exchange

Anodic.reoxidn.

0.1-65.mg.L −1 .
(0.05.mg.L −1 )

Model.solns. accum..in.open.circuit;.

reproducibility.of.CPE.<.4.3%

[1148]

Cu 2+ C/PO.(HBP) LSV accum..via.ion-exchange

Anodic.reoxidn.

1.×.10 −9 -3.×.10 −5 .M.
(0.4.nM)

Human.hair HBP:.hyperbranched.polymer.(as.

amine-ester);.s.e.:.0.25.M.KCl

[136]

Cu 2+ CNTPE.(cCTS) LSASV accum..by.compl..with.

modif.;.anodic.reoxidn.

8.×.10 −8 -2.×.10 −5 .M.
(8 ×.10 −8 .M;.300.s)

Natural.and.
wastewater,.
human.urine

cCTS:.cross-linked.chitosan;.
65% CNTs.+.20%.MO.+.15%.
modif.;.s.e.:.0.05.M.KNO 3 .+.HNO 3 .
(pH.2.3)

[425]

Cu 2+ C/PO.(PYTT-nAu) POT.(dir.) Chemical.equilibrium.and.

steady-state.potential.for.
Cu 2+ .↔.Cu II -PYTT(nAu)

4.×.10 −9 -0.07.M.
(1.nM;.<.5.s)

Natural.water.
(spiked)

modif:.5-(pyridin-2-yl-methylene-
amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol.at.
gold.nanoparticles;.pH.3.0-6.5

[957]

Cu 2+ C/PO.

( Rhodotonula .sp.)

CV,.DPCSV accum..via.bio-afinity.to.

Rhodotonula .sp..(fungi);.
cathodic.redn.

1.×.10 −7 -1.×.10 −5 .
(0.1.μM;.15.min)

Natural.water.
(spiked)

CPE:.microbial.biosensor;.modif..
obtainable.from.pigmented.yeast;.
s.e.:.0.05.M.NaNO 3 .(pH.5)

[2250]

Cu 2+ ;.
Cd 2+ ,.Pb 2+

IL-CPE.
(quercetin, Qc)

AdSV accum..by.adsorption.of.

the.complex.with.modif.
Cathodic.redn.

— Model.solns. Qc-IL-CPE.used.for.comparative.

studies.only;.s.e.:.0.1.M.HCOONa.
+.HCl.(pH.4.7)

[513]