Medicinal Plants and Phytocompounds: A Potential Source of Novel Antibiofilm Agents - Antibiofilm Agents: From Diagnosis to Treatment and Prevention - page 202

Table 1 Inhibitory action of selected plants and their derived bioactive compounds at different
stages of biofilm formation
Inhibitor Organism Stage of action References

Ursolic acid E. coli,

V. harveyi,
P. aeruginosa

Adherence Ren et al. ( 2005 )

Garlic extract C. albicans Adherence,

maturation

Shuford et al. ( 2005 )

R. officinalis, E. angustifoli,
T. vulgaris, M. piperita
extract

L. monocytogenes Adherence Sandasi et al. ( 2010 )

Boesenbergia pandurata oil C. albicans Maturation Taweechaisupapong

et al. ( 2010 )

Naringenin, kaemferol,
quercitin, apigenin

V. harveyi Maturation Vikram et al. ( 2010 )

Proanthocyadins A1,
Curcuma longa (oil),
Kaurenoic acid

S. mutans Adherence Daglia et al. ( 2010 ),

Lee et al. ( 2011a , b ),
Jeong et al. ( 2013 )

T. catappa, C. spinosa,
C. cyminum extract

P. aeruginosa

Maturation Taganna et al. ( 2011 ), Issac

Abraham et al. ( 2011 ,
2012 )

C. leptophloeos,
B. acuruana,
P. moniliformis extract,
Allicin

S. epidermidis Adherence Trentin et al. ( 2011 ), Cruz-

Villal´n and P´rez-
Giraldo ( 2011 )

Eugenol, carvone, caeveol,
carvacrol, thymol

P. aeruginosa Adherence Soumya et al. ( 2011a , b )

Muscari comosum extract C. albicans Dispersion Villa et al. ( 2012 )

R. Ulmifolus extract S. aureus Adherence Quave et al. ( 2012 )

Chelerythrine, sanguinarine,
DHBF, proAc

S. aureus ,
S. epidermidis

Maturation Artini et al. ( 2012 )

Cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol,
thymol, eugenol

L. monocytogenes Maturation Upadhyay et al. ( 2013 )

long been implicated as a primary causative agent of dental caries. The biofilm
forming potential of these bacteria has been targeted using natural products.
Embilica officinalis fruit extract (benzene fraction), Trachyspermum ammi seed
extract (petrol ether fraction), and Salvadora persica have been found to be
effective inhibitors in vitro (Hasan et al. 2012 ; Khan et al. 2012 ; Al-Sohaibani
and Murugan 2012 ). Extensive studies of the anti- Staphylococcus epidermidis
biofilm activity of 45 aqueous extracts were published by Trentin et al. ( 2011 ). At
4 mg/mL, the most effective were extracts derived from Bauhinia acuruana
branches (orchidtree), Chamaecrista desvauxii fruits, B. acuruana fruits, and
Pityrocarpa moniliformis leaves, which decreased biofilm formation by 81.7,
87.4, 77.8, and 77 %, respectively. When applied at tenfold lower concentration,
noteworthy biofilm inhibition was observed only in the presence of Commiphora
leptophloeos stem bark (corkwood) and Senna macranthera fruit extracts (reduc-
tions of 67.3 and 66.7 %, respectively). The extract 220D-F2 from the root of Rubus