Milk Oligosaccharides - Advanced Dairy Chemistry - page 333

milk, as shown by the profiles of HPEAC analysis (Martinez-Ferez et al., 2006;
Mehra and Kelly, 2006). Colostrum from Japanese Saanen breed goats contains
more 6 0 -SL than 3 0 -SL; it also contains 6 0 -N-glycolylneuraminyllactose, 6 0 -SLN,
Gal( 1-3)Gal( 1-4)Glc, Gal( 1-3) Gal( 1-4)Glc, Gal( 1-6)Gal( 1-4)Glc and
2 0 -FL (Urashima et al., 1994; Urashima et al., 1997). Another study has shown
that mature milk from Spanish goats contains 6 0 -SL, 3 0 -SL, DSL, N-glycolyl-
neuraminyllactose, 3 0 -galactosyllactose, N-acetylglucosaminyllactose, LNH and
additional high molecular oligosaccharides, as demonstrated by analysis with
FAB-MS (Martinez-Ferez et al., 2006). Ovine colostrum contains more 3 0 -N-
glycolylneuraminyllactose than 3 0 -SL and 6 0 -SL (Nakamura et al., 1998) and,
notably, contains Neu5Gc in preference to Neu5Ac.

8.10. Milk Oligosaccharides of Other Mammals

Milk oligosaccharides of the following species, other than human and cow,
have been studied and characterized (see also Urashima et al., 2001); brown
capuchin, buffalo, horse, goat, sheep, Ezo brown bear, Japanese black bear,
polar bear, white-nosed coati, elephant, rat, dog, beluga, Minke whale, giant
panda, crabeater seal, hooded seal, bearded seal, harbor seal, mink, bottle-
nose dolphin, echidna, platypus, and tammar wallaby (Urashima et al., 2001).
These oligosaccharides contain mainly lactose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-
neohexaose or para-lacto-N-neohexaose as core units, and there are species-
specific features of the structures with respect to the presence or absence of
Lewis x (Gal( 1-4)[Fuc( 1-3)]GlcNAc), H antigen (Fuc( 1-2)Gal), A anti-
gen (GalNAc( 1-3)[Fuc( 1-2)]Gal), B antigen (Gal( 1-3)[Fuc( 1-2)]Gal)
and -Gal epitope (Gal( 1-3)Gal( 1-4)GlcNAc). As described above, the
milk or colostrum oligosaccharides of non-human mammals either contain
only the type II (Gal( 1-4)GlcNAc) but not the type I (Gal( 1-3)GlcNAc)
unit, or else the former saccharides dominate over the latter.
The tammar wallaby is unique insofar as the neutral milk oligosacchar-
ides of this species, and probably of most or all other marsupials, consist of at
least two series, a major series, which can be described as [Gal( 1-3)] n ¼ 1 5
Gal( 1-4)Glc, and a minor one, the members of which contain a branched unit
of GlcNAc( 1-6) (Messer et al., 1980, 1982; Collins et al., 1981; Bradbury et al.,
1983). Of the major series, only the trisaccharide Gal( 1-3)Gal( 1-4)Glc has
been found also in the milk/colostrum of some eutherian species, but higher
members have not been detected (Urashima et al., 2001; Messer and Urashima,
2002). It is notable that no fucosyl oligosaccharides have so far been detected in
the milk of any marsupial (Messer and Urashima, 2002). In this respect the
milk oligosaccharides of marsupials differ from those of both eutherians and
monotremes since the major neutral milk oligosaccharides of the echidna and